Modeling improvements in booster seat use: A discrete choice conjoint experiment

Cunningham, Charles E.; Bruce, Beth; Snowdon, Anne; Chen, Yvonne; Kolga, Carol; Piotrowski, Caroline C.; Warda, Lynne; Correale, Heather; Clark, Erica; Barwick, Melanie

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2011.05.018

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…It is important to also note that the observed reported use did not decline in the intervention group, suggesting that this discrepancy between self-report and observation rates of use might be important to monitor in future studies. Although there is no conclusive evidence to support this classroom intervention that can be drawn from the pilot findings, previous literature indicates that parental knowledge of the safety benefits of booster seats may positively influence their decision to use such devices (9,15,18,19). Having a police officer present at each session may also have been beneficial in increasing booster seat use at the intervention school, as both legislation and consistent law enforcement have been noted as potential factors in parents' decisions about booster seat use (6,7,9,15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Cunningham et al found that parents' use of booster seats increased when their children were less oppositional and when the child's peers did not tease those who rode in booster seats, suggesting that addressing children's knowledge and attitudes may improve booster seat use (15). A recent study found a preschool education program effective in improving appropriate restraint use among 3-to 5-year-old children, while a multifaceted community approach which included a school intervention also improved restraint use (21,22).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Factors associated with parents' decisions to use booster seats have been cited as knowledge of the benefits for their child's safety (15)(16)(17). Lack of awareness of the risks associated with not using a booster seat has been associated with non-use (9,18,19).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…After adjusting for covariates, the post-legislation period remained a significant predictor of proper booster seat use and knowledge of when to graduate from a forward-facing car seat to a booster seat or seat belt alone. Despite the positive influence of legislation on parents' use of booster seats (6,7,9,14,15), many school-aged children remain inappropriately restrained in a seat belt. …”

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confidence: 99%

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Promoting booster seat use for young children: A school-based intervention pilot study

Bruce

Mundle

Cramm

et al. 2017

Paediatrics &Amp; Child Health

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Purpose: Misuse and/or lack of booster seat use are often associated with high rates of injury and death among school-aged children. This pilot study examined the efficacy and the potential effectiveness of a booster seat intervention in the classroom. Methods: Two elementary schools participated (randomly assigned as one intervention school and one control school). At the intervention school, a certified car seat specialist and a police officer held an interactive booster seat session. The height and age for each child were recorded. Children received a certificate indicating whether they met the requirements for booster seat use and a postcard with car seat restraint specifications. Children in the control school received a brochure on car seat safety. Pre-and post-intervention self-reports were collected and booster seat use was observed. Results: Observational findings showed a decline in booster seat use at the control school and an increase in use at the intervention school. Self-reports of booster seat use indicated a decline at both schools; however, cell sizes were too small to permit statistical analyses. Conclusion: Anecdotally researchers found the sessions were easy to conduct and were well received by the children and could be easily integrated into programming in schools. Classroom sessions may have the potential to positively influence booster seat use among 6-to 8-year-olds. Keywords: Booster seats; Child passenger safety; Evaluation; School intervention.Motor vehicle collisions are the leading cause of death for Canadian children under the age of 9 years (1). The correct use of child passenger safety seats can reduce a child's risk of mortality from a motor vehicle crash by 74%, while risk of serious injury can be decreased by 67% (2). For elementary school children between the ages of 4 and 8 years, booster seats are reported to be more effective in preventing injury and death than seat belts alone in the event of a collision (3-5). However, despite the safety advantages, the most recent Transport Canada Survey identified school-aged children (4 to 8 years old) as having the lowest rates of correct safety seat use, at less than 40% (6). Self-report surveys revealed that 31% of Canadian families use their booster seats less than 100% of the time, with 52% of these families using them less than 80% of the time (7). A recent observational study in Nova Scotia that reported incorrect restraint use found that those children using only a seat belt constituted the greatest proportion of incorrect restraints (8). Despite prior efforts to inform parents of the injury prevention benefits of booster seat use, there still remains a significant number of inadequately restrained children among the 4-to 8-year age group.The rationale behind the effectiveness of booster seats for young children as compared with seat belts, is that seat belts are designed for an adult body, increasing the risk of injury among children in the event of a crash (9). Booster seats can reduce the risk of injury by 59% when ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Promoting booster seat use for young children: A school-based intervention pilot study

Bruce

Mundle

Cramm

et al. 2017

Paediatrics &Amp; Child Health

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“…Drawing from literature on booster seat use, both legislation and consistent law enforcement have been shown to affect parents' decisions to use safety seats [4,[10][11][12][13][14]. An additional important factor is knowledge of the risk reduction benefits of safety seats during a crash [12,15]. In the 1980s, a seat belt enforcement program was devised in the US with an emphasis on the health and safety benefits of wearing seat belts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roadside observation of child passenger restraint use

Bruce

Cramm²,

Mundle³

et al. 2015

Adv Ped Res

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Background: Despite legislation and research evidence supporting the use of childhood vehicle restraints, motor vehicle crashes remain the leading cause of injury, death and disability among Canadian children. Methods: Working in collaboration with trained car seat specialists and police officers, roadside checks were conducted to observe correct use of child restraints. Results: Of the 1323 child vehicle restraints inspected, 99.6% of the children were restrained, 91% were in the correct seat, and 48% of restraints were correctly installed. The seat/restraint types most used incorrectly used were booster seats (31%) and seat belts (53%). The majority of incorrectly installed or fitted seats (55%) were forward facing. Common errors in installation and fit included the seat not being secured tightly enough to the vehicle, incorrect tether strap use, the harness not being tight enough, and/or the chest clip being in the wrong place. Conclusions:The greatest proportion of incorrect seat use was among those children who transitioned to a seat belt too soon. The greatest proportion of installation and fit errors were among forward facing seats. Researchers recommend: 1) targeting parents with older children (ages 3 and above) regarding transitioning too soon from forward facing seats to booster seats, and from booster seats to seat belts; 2) targeting parents with younger children regarding correct installation of rear facing and forward facing seats; 3) collaborating with police officers to review the most common errors and encourage observation at roadside checks; and 4) creating community awareness by way of roadside checks.

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Understanding Preferences for Disease‐Modifying Drugs in Osteoarthritis

Fraenkel

Suter

Cunningham

et al. 2014

Arthritis Care & Research

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Background Numerous disease modifying drugs for osteoarthritis (DMOADs) are under investigation. However, patients’ preferences for drugs to prevent progression of OA are not known. The objective of this study was to quantify patient preferences for potential DMOADs. Methods We administered a conjoint analysis survey to 304 patients attending outpatient general medicine and specialty clinics. All patients seated in the waiting rooms were asked if they would participate in a survey to elicit opinions about arthritis treatments. We performed simulations to estimate preferences for four options to prevent worsening of knee OA: Best Case (pill, highest benefit, lowest risk, lowest cost), Worst Case (infusion, lowest benefit, highest risk, highest cost), Moderate Subcutaneous Injection (injection, lowest benefit, mid-level risk, mid-level cost), and Moderate Infusion (same as previous except administered by infusion). Results Subjects’ median age was 57 years; 55% were female and 69% were Caucasian. Segmentation analyses revealed 4 patterns of preferences. A small minority (5%) who do not want to perform subcutaneous injections and will only consider DMOADs under the Best-Case scenario. Approximately 20% are risk sensitive and are willing to take DMOADs under the Best-Case scenario, but start rejecting these medications as risk increases. A significant number reject DMOADs under all conditions (16.4%); however, the largest segment (59.2%) has a strong preference for DMOADs across all scenarios. Conclusion Our results suggest that a significant percent of a non-selected outpatient population might be willing to accept at least a moderate degree of risk in order to prevent worsening knee OA.

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Modeling improvements in booster seat use: A discrete choice conjoint experiment

Cited by 21 publications

References 61 publications

Promoting booster seat use for young children: A school-based intervention pilot study

Promoting booster seat use for young children: A school-based intervention pilot study

Roadside observation of child passenger restraint use

Understanding Preferences for Disease‐Modifying Drugs in Osteoarthritis

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