Modeling Jet Engine Aerosols in the Postcombustor Flow Path and Sampling System

Wey, Thomas; Liu, Nan-Suey

doi:10.2514/1.24274

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Aircraft engines emit both nonvolatile (soot) particles and volatile PM precursor species. The PM emissions evolve from being dominated almost exclusively by soot at the engine exit plane to a complex mixture of soot, sulfates, and condensed organics as the exhaust stream cools and mixes with ambient air [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The evolving nature of the PM matrix, as condensable gases form new particles and add mass to existing particles, complicates the measurement as to where and how to sample the particles to reproducibly and systematically capture the volatile components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Volatile Particulate Matter Emissions From Aircraft Engines Using a Simulated Plume Aging System

Peck

Timko

et al. 2012

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power

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Aircraft exhaust contains nonvolatile (soot) particulate matter (PM), trace gas pollutants, and volatile PM precursor material. Nonvolatile soot particles are predominantly present at the engine exit plane, but volatile PM precursors form new particles or add mass to the existing ones as the exhaust is diluted and cooled. Accurately characterizing the volatile PM mass, number, and size distribution is challenging due to this evolving nature and the impact of local ambient conditions on the gas-to-particle conversion processes. To accurately and consistently measure the aircraft PM emissions, a dilution and aging sampling system that can condense volatile precursors to particle phase to simulate the atmospheric evolution of aircraft engine exhaust has been developed. In this paper, a field demonstration of its operation is described. The dilution/aging probe system was tested using both a combustor rig and on-wing CFM56-7 engines. During the combustor rig testing at NASA Glenn Research Center, the dilution/aging probe supported formation of both nucleationigrowth mode particles and soot coatings. The results showed that by increasing residence time, the nucleation particles become larger in size, increase in total mass, and decrease in number. During the on-wing CFM56-7 engine testing at Chicago Midway Airport, the dilution!aging probe was able to form soot coatings along with nucleation mode particles, unlike conventional 1-m probe engine measurements. The number concentration of nucleation particles depended on the sample fraction and relative humidity of the dilution air. The performance of the instrument is analyzed and explained using computational microphysics simulations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Volatile Particulate Matter Emissions From Aircraft Engines Using a Simulated Plume Aging System

Peck

Timko

et al. 2012

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power

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“…There have been several attempts to understand the flow dynamics in the sampling line through the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). These studies tend to focus on the formation of sulphuric acid in the sampling system [13,14]. The major advantage of using a detailed tool such as CFD is that it is possible to identify specific locations in the sampling system that give rise to the nucleation of sulphuric acid and also areas where particles may deposit.…”

Section: /19/2016mentioning

confidence: 99%

Model Guided Application for Investigating Particle Number (PN) Emissions in GDI Spark Ignition Engines

Lee¹,

Eaves²,

Mosbach³

et al. 2019

SAE Int. J. Adv. & Curr. Prac. in Mobility

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Model guided application (MGA) combining physico-chemical internal combustion engine simulation with advanced analytics offers a robust framework to develop and test particle number (PN) emissions reduction strategies. The digital engineering workflow presented in this paper integrates the kinetics & SRM Engine Suite with parameter estimation techniques applicable to the simulation of particle formation and dynamics in gasoline direct injection (GDI) spark ignition (SI) engines. The evolution of the particle population characteristics at engine-out and through the sampling system is investigated. The particle population balance model is extended beyond soot to include sulphates and soluble organic fractions (SOF). This particle model is coupled with the gas phase chemistry precursors and is solved using a sectional method. The combustion chamber is divided into a wall zone and a bulk zone and the fuel impingement on the cylinder wall is simulated. The wall zone is responsible for resolving the distribution of equivalence ratios near the wall, a factor that is essential to account for the formation of soot in GDI SI engines. In this work, a stochastic reactor model (SRM) is calibrated to a single-cylinder test engine operated at 12 steady state load-speed operating points. First, the flame propagation model is calibrated using the experimental in-cylinder pressure profiles. Then, the population balance model parameters are calibrated based on the experimental data for particle size distributions from the same operating conditions. Good agreement was obtained for the incylinder pressure profiles and gas phase emissions such as NOx. The MGA also employs a reactor network approach to align with the particle sampling measurements procedure, and the influence of dilution ratios and temperature on the PN measurement is investigated. Lastly, the MGA and the measurements procedure are applied to size-resolved chemical characterisation of the emitted particles.

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AUSM scheme: its application to a realistic combustor configuration, the Energy Efficient Engine

2019

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Modeling Jet Engine Aerosols in the Postcombustor Flow Path and Sampling System

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Measurement of Volatile Particulate Matter Emissions From Aircraft Engines Using a Simulated Plume Aging System

Measurement of Volatile Particulate Matter Emissions From Aircraft Engines Using a Simulated Plume Aging System

Model Guided Application for Investigating Particle Number (PN) Emissions in GDI Spark Ignition Engines

AUSM scheme: its application to a realistic combustor configuration, the Energy Efficient Engine

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