Modeling metabolism in an integrated subtropical watershed-reservoir system

Abstract

Reservoirs are considered transition systems between rivers and lakes with particular features due to its morphology and watershed inflows. Studies about aquatic metabolism in subtropical aquatic ecosystems, particularly in reservoirs, have been based on direct measurements and statistical relationships in specific gauge stations of the system rather than on analytical models, which are capable of representing the metabolic processes at different temporal and spatial scales. This paper aimed to evaluate the temporal variability of metabolism in a subtropical reservoir, named Faxinal reservoir, located in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, by using an ecological model (IPH-ECO) which was coupled with a hydrological model (IPH-II) to estimate inflows and nutrient loadings from the watershed. After model calibration, metabolic daily rates of gross primary production (GPP) and respiration (R) were estimated over a 1-year period (from November 2011 to December 2012), considering a process-based algorithm based on dissolved-oxygen budget implemented in the IPH-ECO model. Faxinal reservoir were net heterotrophic 97% of the simulation period. The temporal variability of GPP and R followed the general pattern of phytoplankton biomass in reservoir, which was more related to autochthonous factors such as water residence time, light availability, nutrient concentration and zooplankton grazing. Only during heavy rainfall period, increasing the terrestrial exports, the concentration of phosphorus was higher leading to an increase of chlorophyll-a concentration and hence metabolic rates of GPP and R. Therefore, considering the long dry period during the simulation, the aquatic metabolism of Faxinal reservoir is more influenced by the internal dynamic of the aquatic ecosystem than the watershed inputs.Keywords: Ecological modeling; Metabolism; Reservoir. RESUMOA morfologia e o aporte da bacia hidrográfica fazem dos reservatórios um sistema de transição entre rios e lagos com características particulares em termos hidrodinâmicos e de metabolismo. Estudos sobre o metabolismo em ecossistemas aquáticos subtropicais, particularmente em reservatórios, têm se baseado mais em medições diretas e pontuais e em relações estatísticas que em modelos analíticos capazes de representar os processos envolvidos em diferentes escalas espaço-temporais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade temporal do metabolismo de um reservatório subtropical na cidade de Caxias do Sul/RS através do modelo ecológico IPH-ECO, o qual foi acoplado ao modelo hidrológico IPH-II para estimar as contribuições da bacia hidrográfica. Após a calibração dos modelos, foram calculadas as taxas metabólicas de produção primária (GPP) e respiração (R) para o período de nov/2011 a dez/2012 através dos processos que compõem o balanço de oxigênio no modelo IPH-ECO. O reservatório apresentou um metabolismo autotrófico em 97% do período de simulação. As variações temporais de GPP e R acompanharam o padrão de variação da comunidade fitoplanctônica,...

A modelling approach to simulate Chlorophyta and Cyanobacteria biomasses based on historical data of a Brazilian urban reservoir

“…The ecological models have been applied, mainly, coupled with hydrological models on a basin scale (Munar et al, 2018;Tambara et al, 2017;Silva et al, 2016), for the understanding of the spatial-temporal distribution of cyanobacteria and climate change (Fadel et al, 2019;Rigosi et al, 2014), as well as to understand the succession of toxic cyanobacteria (Chia et al, 2018;Fadel et al, 2017;Vinçon-Leite et al, 2017;Burford et al, 2016).…”