Modeling Ocean Biogeochemical Processes and the Resulting Tracer Distributions

Heinze, Christoph; Gehlen, Marion

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-391851-2.00026-x

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 194 publications

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“…Biogeochemical ocean general circulation models are employed either through observed forcing or within coupled Earth system models (for a review see e.g. Heinze and Gehlen, 2013).…”

Section: Integrative Modelling and Combination With Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ocean carbon sink – impacts, vulnerabilities and challenges

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is, next to water vapour, considered to be the most important natural greenhouse gas on Earth. Rapidly rising atmospheric CO 2 concentrations caused by human actions such as fossil fuel burning, land-use change or cement production over the past 250 years have given cause for concern that changes in Earth's climate system may progress at a much faster pace and larger extent than during the past 20 000 years. Investigating global carbon cycle pathways and finding suitable adaptation and mitigation strategies has, therefore, become of major concern in many research fields. The oceans have a key role in regulating atmospheric CO 2 concentrations and currently take up about 25 % of annual anthropogenic carbon emissions to the atmosphere. Questions that yet need to be answered are what the carbon uptake kinetics of the oceans will be in the future and how the increase in oceanic carbon inventory will affect its ecosystems and their services. This requires comprehensive investigations, including high-quality ocean carbon measurements on different spatial and temporal scales, the management of data in sophisticated databases, the application of Earth system models to provide future projections for given emission scenarios as well as a global synthesis and outreach to policy makers. In this paper, the current understanding of the ocean as an important carbon sink is reviewed with respect to these topics. Emphasis is placed on the complex interplay of different physical, chemical and biological processes that yield both positive and negative air-sea flux values for natural and anthropogenic CO 2 as well as on increased CO 2 (uptake) as the regulating force of the radiative warming of the atmosphere and the gradual acidification of the oceans. Major future ocean carbon challenges in the fields of ocean observations, modelling and process research as well as the relevance of other biogeochemical cycles and greenhouse gases are discussed.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.

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“…Biogeochemical ocean general circulation models are employed either through observed forcing or within coupled Earth system models (for a review see e.g. Heinze and Gehlen, 2013).…”

Section: Integrative Modelling and Combination With Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ocean carbon sink – impacts, vulnerabilities and challenges

et al. 2015

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“…Prognostic modeling can be a powerful tool for projecting into an uncertain future but only if the model dynamics is adequately known and the model tested thoroughly against available data (Glover et al, 2011). Marine ecology and biogeochemistry are increasingly being incorporated into basin and global ocean general circulation models as well as coupled ocean-atmosphere climate models, and substantial progress has been made from only a decade ago (Doney, 1999; see also Chapter 26 on modeling ocean biogeochemistry, Heinze and Gehlen, 2013). The skill of biological impact models, however, needs to be tested and improved, and in many cases, we may run up against the problem of predictability of complex biological systems, especially as stakeholders ask more focused questions related to individual species and specific locations.…”

Section: Observational and Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Ecosystems, Biogeochemistry, and Climate

Doney

2013

International Geophysics

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“…The general principles of ocean modelling are described elsewhere in this book (Chapter 2 by Fox-Kemper), and the same considerations of numerical methods apply to biogeochemistry, so are not repeated here. Biogeochemical models are reliant on physical models, and either the two are coupled and run together online, or physical model output is used to force the biogeochemistry offline (Heinze and Gehlen, 2013). The state variables are advected and diffused by the physical model, in the same way as temperature and salinity.…”

Section: General Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous textbooks have already been dedicated to the field of marine biogeochemistry (e.g. Sarmiento and Gruber, 2006), as well as reviews of modelling (Heinze and Gehlen, 2013), and operational forecasting (Gehlen et al, 2015), and this chapter will not try to replicate them. A highlevel overview is given in order to introduce physical oceanographers to the concepts and methods of biogeochemical modelling and data assimilation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Biogeochemical Modelling and Data Assimilation for Operational Forecasting, Reanalysis, and Climate Research

Ford¹,

Key²,

McEwan³

et al. 2018

New Frontiers in Operational Oceanography

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Predictions of marine biogeochemistry are of importance for a range of applications, from operational forecasting of harmful algal blooms, to seasonal prediction of primary production, to understanding the influence of the marine carbon cycle on future climate change. Reanalyses, which include data assimilation in model hindcasts, are also required for the assessment of long-term environmental change. The inclusion of marine biogeochemistry in ocean forecasting and reanalysis systems is still in its early stages, but is already providing valuable insights. This chapter begins by giving an overview of biogeochemical modelling and data assimilation, and discussing challenges around physical-biogeochemical coupling and the use of observations. A summary of current applications to operational forecasting, reanalysis and climate studies is then given, before a vision is presented for a fully integrated prediction framework, linking five-day regional forecasting to global climate research.

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Modeling Ocean Biogeochemical Processes and the Resulting Tracer Distributions

Cited by 13 publications

References 194 publications

The ocean carbon sink – impacts, vulnerabilities and challenges

The ocean carbon sink – impacts, vulnerabilities and challenges

Marine Ecosystems, Biogeochemistry, and Climate

Marine Biogeochemical Modelling and Data Assimilation for Operational Forecasting, Reanalysis, and Climate Research

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