Modeling of a realistic barely visible impact damage in composite structures based on NDT techniques and numerical simulations

Katunin, Andrzej; Wronkowicz-Katunin, Angelika; Danek, Wojciech; Wyleżoł, Marek

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.113889

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In the case of BVID, it is preferable to use non-destructive techniques to detect internal damage that cannot be visually inspected. Several studies have used C-scan [ 41 , 42 ], NDT techniques and numerical simulations [ 43 ], optical fiber sensors [ 40 ], FBG-based sensors [ 44 ], acoustic emission [ 45 ], and guided wave signals [ 46 ] to evaluate and detect BVID in composite laminates. Because of their perforation at 15 J, all the stacking sequences recorded the highest peak load among other levels of impact energy in the same laminate structure ( Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Impact Energy Absorption, Flexural and Crash Performance Properties of Automotive Composite Laminates by Adjusting the Stacking Sequences Layup

Alshahrani

Ahmed

2021

Polymers

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In response to the high demand for light automotive, manufacturers are showing a vital interest in replacing heavy metallic components with composite materials that exhibit unparalleled strength-to-weight ratios and excellent properties. Unidirectional carbon/epoxy prepreg was suitable for automotive applications such as the front part of the vehicle (hood) due to its excellent crash performance. In this study, UD carbon/epoxy prepreg with 70% and 30% volume fraction of reinforcement and resin, respectively, was used to fabricate the composite laminates. The responses of different three stacking sequences of automotive composite laminates to low-velocity impact damage and flexural and crash performance properties were investigated. Three-point bending and drop-weight impact tests were carried out to determine the flexural modulus, strength, and impact damage behavior of selected materials. Optical microscopy analysis was used to identify the failure modes in the composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and C-scan non-destructive methods were utilized to explore the fractures in the composites after impact tests. Moreover, the performance index and absorbed energy of the tested structures were studied. The results showed that the flexural strength and modulus of automotive composite laminates strongly depended on the stacking sequence. The highest crash resistance was noticed in the laminate with a stacking sequence of [[0, 90, 45, −45]2, 0, 90]S. Therefore, the fabrication of a composite laminate structure enhanced by selected stacking sequences is an excellent way to improve the crash performance properties of automotive composite structures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Impact Energy Absorption, Flexural and Crash Performance Properties of Automotive Composite Laminates by Adjusting the Stacking Sequences Layup

Alshahrani

Ahmed

2021

Polymers

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“…The results of UT inspections are usually presented in the form of colormaps (in the case of B-and C-scans), representing information on a planar projection of the damage shape and dimensions as well as its depth represented by a color. Recent advances [44,45] show that UT results can be reconstructed in 3D to obtain enhanced information about the damage position.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality Control Approach for the Detection of Internal Lower Density Areas in Composite Disks in Industrial Conditions Based on a Combination of NDT Techniques

Katunin

Dragan

Nowak³

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Voids in polymer matrix composites are one of the most common manufacturing defects, which may influence the mechanical properties and structural behavior of the final parts made of composites by various manufacturing methods. Therefore, numerous non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques were developed and applied for quality control and in-service testing of such structures. In this paper, the authors analyzed various alternatives to the reference technique, X-ray computed tomography (XCT) NDT, which is used for industrial testing of composite disks having defects in the form of the lower density areas. Different candidates, namely: vibration-based testing, infrared thermography, vibro-thermography, as well as ultrasonic testing were analyzed in terms of their sensitivity and technical feasibility. The quality of the results, the complexity of the testing procedure, time and labor consumption, and the cost of the equipment were analyzed and compared with the reference technique. Based on the conducted research the authors finally proposed a hybrid approach to quality control, using a combination of two NDT techniques–infrared thermography (for initial scanning and detection of near-surface defects) and ultrasonic testing (for a more detailed analysis of products that pass the first testing procedure). It allowed for replacing the costly XCT diagnostics with a much cheaper, but almost equally effective, alternative.

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“…Nevertheless, none of the above-mentioned techniques are capable of providing NDT results in a three-dimensional (3D) representation and with sufficient resolution to investigate the nature and fracture mechanisms occurring during LVI, which is necessary to investigate damage mechanisms in an impacted structure. This investigation is a necessary step in the reconstruction of BVID currently developed by the authors of this study to predict the residual life of composite structures after LVI [4,14,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A composite sheet was manufactured using VARTM resin infusion technology with 10 layers of the reinforcement oriented in the same direction (0°with respect to the global coordinate system). The material properties obtained in the previously performed experimental studies for this material can be found in [20]. The specific dimensions of the considered specimen were as follows: 100 × 100 × 2.5 mm, which corresponds to planar dimensions and thickness.…”

Section: Specimen Preparation and Introducing Impact Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of Cracks in Composite Structures Subjected to Low-Velocity Impact Using Distribution-Based Segmentation and Wavelet Analysis of X-ray Tomograms

Wronkowicz-Katunin

Katunin

Nagode

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The problem of characterizing the structural residual life is one of the most challenging issues of the damage tolerance concept currently applied in modern aviation. Considering the complexity of the internal architecture of composite structures widely applied for aircraft components nowadays, as well as the additional complexity related to the appearance of barely visible impact damage, prediction of the structural residual life is a demanding task. In this paper, the authors proposed a method based on detection of structural damage after low-velocity impact loading and its classification with respect to types of acting stress on constituents of composite structures using the developed processing algorithm based on segmentation of 3D X-ray computed tomograms using the rebmix package, real-oriented dual-tree wavelet transform and supporting image processing procedures. The presented algorithm allowed for accurate distinguishing of defined types of damage from X-ray computed tomograms with strong robustness to noise and measurement artifacts. The processing was performed on experimental data obtained from X-ray computed tomography of a composite structure with barely visible impact damage, which allowed better understanding of fracture mechanisms in such conditions. The gained knowledge will allow for a more accurate simulation of structural damage in composite structures, which will provide higher accuracy in predicting structural residual life.

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Modeling of a realistic barely visible impact damage in composite structures based on NDT techniques and numerical simulations

Cited by 22 publications

References 43 publications

Enhancing Impact Energy Absorption, Flexural and Crash Performance Properties of Automotive Composite Laminates by Adjusting the Stacking Sequences Layup

Enhancing Impact Energy Absorption, Flexural and Crash Performance Properties of Automotive Composite Laminates by Adjusting the Stacking Sequences Layup

Quality Control Approach for the Detection of Internal Lower Density Areas in Composite Disks in Industrial Conditions Based on a Combination of NDT Techniques

Classification of Cracks in Composite Structures Subjected to Low-Velocity Impact Using Distribution-Based Segmentation and Wavelet Analysis of X-ray Tomograms

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