Modeling of a SMB-type Reactor for Hydrogen Storage by Iron Oxide with a Reversible Reaction Mechanism

Imanishi, Hironori; Maeda, Akiko; Maegawa, Takeyuki; Matsuno, Shigeru; Aida, Takashi

doi:10.2202/1542-6580.1527

Cited by 3 publications

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“…The use of iron and iron waste for hydrogen generation via metal-steam reforming is known. For example, the reaction which occurs around 600ºC has long been known as one of the promising ways of generating H 2 [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redemption of Microscale Mill Waste into Commercial Nanoscale Asset

Azad

Kesavan

Al‐Batty

2008

KEM

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Mill-scale is a porous, hard and brittle coating of several distinct layers of iron oxides (predominantly Fe3O4) formed during the fabrication of steel structures. It is magnetic in nature with iron content up to as high as 93%. About 1240 million metric tons of steel was produced in 2006 globally, 1.5 % of which by weight accounts for the mill-scale waste. Thus, 18.6 million metric ton of mill scale waste was produced in one year alone. Most of the steel mill-scale waste (almost 80%) end ups in a landfill; a small fraction of it is also used to make reinforced concrete in Russia and some Asian countries. A purer commercial form of this oxide in combination with nickel and zinc oxide is used in making ceramic magnets (soft ferrites) which are an integral part of all the audio-visual and telecommunication media on this planet as well those in the space. The mill-scale waste could be a valuable technological resource if properly processed and converted into nanoscale species, in particular nanoscale iron particles for hydrogen fuel cell, medical imaging and water remediation applications. In order to achieve the much-discussed and sought-after hydrogen economy via an ‘econo’ viable and ‘enviro’ friendly route, a roadmap for utilizing the mill-scale waste has been developed. The method consists of reacting heated iron with steam, also appropriately called metal-steam reforming (a route well-known to the metallurgists for centuries) generating high purity hydrogen, with a twist. The innovation lies in the conversion of the coarse oxide scale into nanoscale iron by a novel solution-based technique. This produces highly uniform zerovalent iron particles as small as 5 nm. The scope of utilizing the mill-scale waste is broadened several folds as nanoscale iron and nanomagnetite find potential applications in de-arsenification of drinking water, destruction of perchlorate and reduction of hexavalent chromium ions in water sources. In addition, nanoscale iron and magnetite are finding increasing application as the preferred contrasting agents in magnetic resonance imaging - MRI.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redemption of Microscale Mill Waste into Commercial Nanoscale Asset

Azad

Kesavan

Al‐Batty

2008

KEM

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“…While reactor design and modeling are matters that have been analyzed by several research groups, [19][20][21][22] these topics still require more attention and investigation in order to increase the feasibility of hydrogen production by the "Steam-Iron" process in comparison with other technologies.…”

Section: Volume 49mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hydrogen Alternative

Bose

2015

ILCPA

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Hydrogen is the cleanest fuel known to man and the most prominent alternative to carbonbased fuels, although it is not available as a free gas on earth, it can be produced from various sources using the correct combination of pressure and temperature. The deep time that our planet has given life has allowed it to grow from a tiny seed of genetic possibility to a planet wide web of complexity we are part of today, where today heating, refrigeration, telecommunication and appliances have become vital in everyday life. Production of electricity using fossil fuels has been under the scanner for quite some time now because of their availability and effects on the environment hydrogen emerges out in this scenario as the future fuel and setting the stage towards the hydrogen economy. The clean nature of hydrogen and the efficiency of fuel cells taken together offer an appealing alternative to fossil fuels. This paper reviews the existing infrastructure of hydrogen production and storage, while simultaneously explores the reason why it will be an inevitability in the near future to meet our ever increasing energy needs.

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“…This corresponds to 537 L of hydrogen gas (STP) that can be stored per kg of iron, and it is comparable to the hydrogen storage density of conventional metal hydrides. While reactor design and modeling are matters that have been analyzed by several research groups, [19][20][21][22] these topics still require more attention and investigation in order to increase the feasibility of hydrogen production by the "Steam-Iron" process in comparison with other technologies.…”

Section: Ilcpa Volume 49mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hydrogen Alternative

Bose

2015

ILCPA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hydrogen is the cleanest fuel known to man and the most prominent alternative to carbon-based fuels, although it is not available as a free gas on earth, it can be produced from various sources using the correct combination of pressure and temperature. The deep time that our planet has given life has allowed it to grow from a tiny seed of genetic possibility to a planet wide web of complexity we are part of today, where today heating, refrigeration, telecommunication and appliances have become vital in everyday life. Production of electricity using fossil fuels has been under the scanner for quite some time now because of their availability and effects on the environment hydrogen emerges out in this scenario as the future fuel and setting the stage towards the hydrogen economy. The clean nature of hydrogen and the efficiency of fuel cells taken together offer an appealing alternative to fossil fuels. This paper reviews the existing infrastructure of hydrogen production and storage, while simultaneously explores the reason why it will be an inevitability in the near future to meet our ever increasing energy needs.

show abstract

Modeling of a SMB-type Reactor for Hydrogen Storage by Iron Oxide with a Reversible Reaction Mechanism

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Redemption of Microscale Mill Waste into Commercial Nanoscale Asset

Redemption of Microscale Mill Waste into Commercial Nanoscale Asset

The Hydrogen Alternative

The Hydrogen Alternative

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