“…compact heat exchangers [8] and cooling systems [9,10], selective laser melting process [11]). Although quite some various different configurations of the enclosure problem are possible [12][13][14][15][16][17][18], one of the most studied cases involves the two-dimensional square enclosure with differentially heated isothermal vertical walls and adiabatic horizontal walls [19,20]. When the vertical walls are insulated to ensure adiabatic conditions and the lower horizontal wall held at the higher temperature then one has the Rayleigh-Bénard configuration [21,22].…”
The present work deals with the natural convection in a square cavity filled with the water-based Au nanofluid. The cavity is heated on the vertical and cooled from the adjacent wall, while the other two horizontal walls are adiabatic. The governing differential equations have been solved by the standard finite volume method and the hydrodynamic and thermal fields were coupled together using the Boussinesq approximation. The main objective of this study is to investigate the influence of the nanoparticles' volume fraction on the heat transfer characteristics of Au nanofluids at the given base fluid's (i.e. water) Rayleigh number. Accurate results are presented over a wide range of the base fluid Rayleigh number and the volume fraction of Au nanoparticles. It is shown that adding nanoparticles in a base fluid delays the onset of convection. Contrary to many authors, it was shown here that the use of nanofluids can reduce the heat transfer rate instead of increasing it.
“…compact heat exchangers [8] and cooling systems [9,10], selective laser melting process [11]). Although quite some various different configurations of the enclosure problem are possible [12][13][14][15][16][17][18], one of the most studied cases involves the two-dimensional square enclosure with differentially heated isothermal vertical walls and adiabatic horizontal walls [19,20]. When the vertical walls are insulated to ensure adiabatic conditions and the lower horizontal wall held at the higher temperature then one has the Rayleigh-Bénard configuration [21,22].…”
The present work deals with the natural convection in a square cavity filled with the water-based Au nanofluid. The cavity is heated on the vertical and cooled from the adjacent wall, while the other two horizontal walls are adiabatic. The governing differential equations have been solved by the standard finite volume method and the hydrodynamic and thermal fields were coupled together using the Boussinesq approximation. The main objective of this study is to investigate the influence of the nanoparticles' volume fraction on the heat transfer characteristics of Au nanofluids at the given base fluid's (i.e. water) Rayleigh number. Accurate results are presented over a wide range of the base fluid Rayleigh number and the volume fraction of Au nanoparticles. It is shown that adding nanoparticles in a base fluid delays the onset of convection. Contrary to many authors, it was shown here that the use of nanofluids can reduce the heat transfer rate instead of increasing it.
“…Some ofthe other researchers numerically investigated the entropy generation and natural convection in nanofluid‐filled cavities using the control volume technique . A natural convection study of a thick wall enclosure filled with Cu–water nanofluid was numerically investigated by Mahmoudi and colleagues . They demonstrated that both the ambient convective heat transfer coefficient and the position of the divider had considerable effects on the heat transfer enhancement.…”
In this paper, the effects of the thicknesses and locations of two rectangular heaters, located on the bottom and one side of on an enclosure, on mixed convection of nanofluid flows in a lid-driven cavity are numerically investigated.
“…The resulting mixture referred to as a nanofluid possesses a substantially large thermal conductivity compared to that of the traditional fluids [1]. There are a number of studies on the convective heat transfer in enclosures filled with a nanofluid [2][3]. Hwang et al [4] measured thermal conductivities of various nanofluids and showed that the thermal conductivity enhancement of nanofluids depended on the volume fraction of the suspended particles and the thermal conductivities of the particles and base fluids.…”
Mixed convection of Cu-water nanofluid in a lid-driven square cavity with a heat source embedded in the bottom wall is studied numerically. The governing equations together with the respective boundary conditions are solved numerically using the finite volume method and the SIMPLER algorithm. The computations are performed for various Richardson numbers (), heat source length () and volume fraction of the nanoparticles (). It is observed from the results that the average Nusselt number is increased by increasing the Richardson number and the volume fraction of the nanoparticles. Moreover, the maximum temperature at the heat source surface decreases by increasing the Richardson number and the volume fraction of the nanoparticles.
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