Modeling of high speed RTM injection with highly reactive resin with on-line mixing

Deléglise, M.; Grognec, Philippe Le; Binétruy, Christophe; Krawczak, Patricia; Claudé, Bruce

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.06.002

Cited by 38 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Deléglise et al [20] addressed the change in resin viscosity by the same approach to include a time dependant viscosity relation in the RTM process with on-line mixing, and the present work agrees with Deléglise et al [20] that inclusion of viscosity will significantly alter the process pressure. The approximation of viscosity to a best fit curve allowed the implementation on a (simple) 2D model.…”

Section: Viscositysupporting

confidence: 87%

Simulation and Validation of Injection-Compression Filling Stage of Liquid Moulding with Fast Curing Resins

et al. 2018

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Very short manufacture cycle times are required if continuous carbon fibre and epoxy composite components are to be economically viable solutions for high volume composite production for the automotive industry. Here, a manufacturing process variant of resin transfer moulding (RTM), targets a reduction of in-mould manufacture time by reducing the time to inject and cure components. The process involves two stages; resin injection followed by compression. A flow simulation methodology using an RTM solver for the process has been developed. This paper compares the simulation prediction to experiments performed using industrial equipment. The issues encountered during the manufacturing are included in the simulation and their sensitivity to the process is explored.

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Section: Viscositysupporting

confidence: 87%

Simulation and Validation of Injection-Compression Filling Stage of Liquid Moulding with Fast Curing Resins

et al. 2018

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“…For the calculation of the average thickness t of the specimens, the thickness of the specimens was measured at intervals of 5 mm using a micrometer. The X-ray attenuation coefficient was obtained by equation (4), which is derived from equation (2): Figure 4 presents a sample calculation of the X-ray attenuation coefficient for one specimen.…”

Section: Measurement Of X-ray Transmittance and Attenuation Coefficientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of the void content of composite materials using soft X-ray transmittance

Hayashi

Kobayashi²,

Takahashi

2016

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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Carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTPs) have high potential in high-cycle (1 min) molding as a weight-reducing material for the mass production of automobile components. However, residual voids in CFRTPs lead to diminished and unstable mechanical properties; therefore, the effective quantification of the void content in CFRTP products is necessary for developing an affordable system for mass production. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the X-ray attenuation coefficient decreases with increasing void content; thus, measurements of X-ray attenuation coefficients can be used to estimate the void contents of CFRTPs. In this study, we first investigated in detail the soft X-ray attenuation coefficients of completely impregnated composite materials with three different thicknesses; we observed that the attenuation coefficients decreased with increasing composite thickness, even though they should be independent of the thickness according to the Beer-Lambert law. We next demonstrated that although no correlation exists between the X-ray transmittance and the apparent attenuation coefficient of six composites with various void contents, the true attenuation coefficient modified to account for void content exhibits a good linear relationship with the X-ray transmittance, same as fully impregnated composites. Using the approximation line between the X-ray transmittance and the modified attenuation coefficient of CFRTP, we estimated the void content on the basis of the difference between the apparent and true X-ray attenuation coefficients. The average difference in void content determined Downloaded from by conventional hydrostatic weighing and that determined by the proposed X-ray transmittance method was 0.43%. We therefore concluded that the void content of CFRTPs of any thickness can be estimated nondestructively using soft X-rays.

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“…Equally, the speed of resin flow is relatively low so that there is little interaction between the reinforcement and the flowing resin, so that for most purposes the reinforcement geometry can be assumed to be fixed throughout the injection. For HPRTM neither assumption is valid, greatly increasing the complexity of modelling [38]. In spite of the difficulties in modelling it will be more important to build a strong modelling capability for high volume manufacture by HPRTM than it has been for low volume conventional RTM, if we are to achieve reliable mass production.…”

Section: Resin Transfer Mouldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘But How Can We Make Something Useful Out of Black String?’ The Development of Carbon Fibre Composites Manufacturing (1965–2015)

Potter

2016

The Structural Integrity of Carbon Fiber Composites

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Abstract.This chapter looks at how the manufacturing community responded to the invention of carbon fibres, the first practical, high-modulus, reinforcement to be available as continuous fibres; largely through the lens of the author's personal experience. Whilst it seems axiomatic to us today that we use continuous fibres, most of the composites applications in 1965 used short fibres, for example chopped glass, asbestos, whiskers or linen fibres. To a large extent the narrative of carbon fibre composites manufacturing is the story of how to manipulate continuous fibres into complex geometries; and how to do that cost-effectively without introducing strength reducing defects. Until very recently, when the manufacturing and structural integrity communities have started to interact much more, there has tended to be an almost complete disconnect between the materials, design and manufacturing worlds. This has been the case as much in industry as it has in academia and seems to have been the norm since the very beginnings of the application of carbon fibre composites. The difficulties inherent in manufacturing geometrically complex parts were identified very early in the history of carbon fibre composites. However, it has proven to be very challenging to go beyond identifying problem issues to actually solving them, and that process is by no means complete. There are signs that the composites community may finally be on the right track, with some recent successes pointing towards research directions where design and manufacturing approaches can be unified to deliver reliable and cost-effective parts -only 50 years after the process started.

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Modeling of high speed RTM injection with highly reactive resin with on-line mixing

Cited by 38 publications

References 23 publications

Simulation and Validation of Injection-Compression Filling Stage of Liquid Moulding with Fast Curing Resins

Simulation and Validation of Injection-Compression Filling Stage of Liquid Moulding with Fast Curing Resins

Quantification of the void content of composite materials using soft X-ray transmittance

‘But How Can We Make Something Useful Out of Black String?’ The Development of Carbon Fibre Composites Manufacturing (1965–2015)

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