“…Particularly, piezoelectric actuators attract a lot of attentions in a widespread application of sensing, actuating, multi-DOFs positioning and energy harvesting in both scientific researches and industrial application, due to the advantages of their nano-positioning ability, high electromechanical coupling factor, high actuating force and high response speed. However, the nonlinear hysteretic effect [7][8][9][10], creep [11,12] and degradation [13,14] problems of piezoelectric materials still remain their challenges in applications. Among these problems, the significant hysteretic effect is of primary importance, which can cause inaccuracy in system responses even lead to instability of the closed-loop control system with piezoelectric actuators [15,16].…”