Modeling of L-Shaped, Precast, Prestressed Concrete Spandrels

Modeling the Full Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Flanged Beams under Torsion

“…Figures 7-14 also show that the theoretical M T − θ curves show a drop in the torsional moment right after the concrete cracking. This behavior reflects the drop of the stress in the used smeared σ − ε relationship for tensile concrete (Equations (19) and (20)) right after the peak stress. This behavior was also observed in previous studies from the author [1,6] and in other studies using a different base model, for instance [34].…”

“…Parameters Additionally, a smeared and stiffened σ − ε relationship is used for the tensile concrete in the tie and also for the tensile steel bars. For the tensile concrete, the σ − ε relationship from Belarbi and Hsu in 1994 [33] and modified by Jeng and Hsu in 2009 [34] (Equations (19)(20)(21)(22)(23) in Table 2) is used. For the steel bars in tension, as justified in [4], the σ − ε relationship from Belarbi and Hsu in 1994 [33] (Equations (30-32) in Table 2) is used.…”

“…Parameters k c 2 (Equations (25) and (26)) and k c 1 (Equations (28) and (29)) represent the average compressive and tensile stresses, respectively. These parameters are computed from integration of Equations (13), (14) and (19), (20), respectively.…”

“…tensile stresses, respectively. These parameters are computed from integration of Equations (13), (14) and (19), (20), respectively.…”

“…In fact, previous studies mainly deal with the torsional behavior of rectangular beams (for instance [13][14][15][16][17]). Despite this, some previous studies in the literature focus on the experimental torsional behavior of RC flanged beams, and some of them also propose analytical models to assess mainly the torsional strength of such beams (for instance [9,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]). However, to assess and calibrate theoretical models which aim to predict the full torsional behavior of the beams, full experimental data are needed.…”