Modeling of magnetic vibrational energy harvesters using equivalent circuit representations

Abstract

This paper develops and analyzes an equivalent circuit model of magnetic energy harvesters using reduced-order lumped element modeling (LEM) methods. This model is intended to enhance the design and analysis of a magnetic energy harvesting system by enabling direct physical insight into the system dynamics and simple circuit analysis techniques to extract all relevant performance parameters. Moreover, the model provides the ability to use circuit simulation software (e.g. PSPICE) to model the entire system in conjunction with nonlinear and/or active power electronic circuits. The circuit model is experimentally validated through electrical and mechanical measurements on a prototypical electromagnetic energy harvester.

Modeling of Hybrid Piezoelectrodynamic Generators

“…A gyrator is a device which couples the current on one side to the voltage on the other side and vice versa. Cheng, Wang, and Arnold (2007) proposed this kind of coupling for the simulation of a standard electrodynamic transducer.…”

Vibration Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Utilizing Bridgeless Rectifier Circuit

“…(IRF7853) The power electronic circuit plays an important role between piezoelectric transducer and electronic load, which might include a battery (Szarka et al 2012) in energy harvesting system. The power electronic circuits are applied to rectified, step-up and regulate the power delivered to the load, and actively manage the electrical damping of the transducers so that maximum power could be transferred to the load (Cammarano 2010;Cheng 2007). The output voltage level of the micro scale harvesting devices is usually in the order of a few hundred millivolts depending on the topology of device (Dayal & Parsa 2010;Mitcheson 2010).…”

Physical insight into electromagnetic kinetic energy transducers and appropriate energy conditioning for enhanced micro energy harvesting

“…However, for the design of efficient energy conditioning circuits a reduced parameter set is sufficient that describes the optimum transducer operation precisely. Harvester disassembly allows to extract this set [5].…”

“…Figure 2 details the applied equivalent circuit model comprising the needed model parameters [7]. Maximum power P max is harvested at resonance when the transducer load resistance R load matches its optimum R opt [3][4][5][6]8]. By means of a defined transducer excitation ensured by a controlled vibration table [6] the maximum power, the optimal load resistance, and the resonance frequency f res can be measured by performing sweeps over frequency and over the load resistance.…”

“…However, for the design of efficient energy conditioning circuits a reduced parameter set is sufficient that describes the optimum transducer operation precisely. Harvester disassembly allows to extract this set [5].A fully packaged small-scaled electromagnetic kinetic energy transducer prototyped by the HSG-IMIT (Figure 1) is characterized and modeled accurately in this work without disassembly. Moreover, definitions are proposed that detail the optimum operation of energy conditioning based on ultra-low power CMOS integrated active rectification with low voltage drop [6].…”