Modeling of Microstructural Evolution in Microalloyed Steel During Hot Forging Process

Wang, J.; Chen, J.; Zhao, Zhen; Xue-yu, Ruan

doi:10.1016/s1006-7191(06)60056-2

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Medina et al studied the influence of the most common elements (C, Si, Mn, Mo) in low alloy steels and the most common elements (Ti, V, Nb) in microalloyed steels on static recrystallization kinetics, and found that Nb is the microalloying element which most delays recrystallization [3]. Wang et al studied the crystallization behavior and also developed an empirical equation to analyze the microstructure evolution in microalloyed steel during hot forging process [4,5]. Gordon measured rates of nucleation and growth in lightly deformed fine-grained sheets of copper and obtained an Avrami exponent of approximately 4 [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recrystallization behavior of a Nb-microalloyed steel during hot compression

Bao

Zhao

Chi-bin

et al. 2011

Applied Mathematical Modelling

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a b s t r a c tUsing a Thermecmastor-Z hot simulator, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and static recrystallization (SRX) behavior of a Nb-microalloyed steel was investigated by single-hit compression tests and double-hit compression tests, respectively. The experimental results show that DRX will more easily occur at higher deformation temperature and lower strain rate. The deformation activation energy and stress exponent for the Nb-microalloyed steel are calculated to be 379.29 ± 23.56 kJ/mol and 5.76 in temperature range of 950°C to 1100°C by regression analysis, respectively. Furthermore, a semi-empirical model is developed to identify the peak stress and strain for DRX. It is found that SRX kinetics follows Avrami's law, and the softening fraction predicted by the model agrees well with experimental results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recrystallization behavior of a Nb-microalloyed steel during hot compression

Bao

Zhao

Chi-bin

et al. 2011

Applied Mathematical Modelling

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“…It is well known that the microstructure has a large effect on the mechanical properties of product, so it is important to control grain growth in metals and alloys. Some investigations on the grain growth kinetics for low carbon steel and microalloyed steel have already been reported (Ref [2][3][4], but few efforts have been expended to understand the grain growth behavior in bearing steel. The objective of this paper is to study the effect of heating temperature and holding time on the growth behavior of austenite grains in GCr15 bearing steel, and obtain a mathematical model which can describe the behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Analysis of the Austenite Grain Growth in GCr15 Steel

Yue

Zhang

Liao

et al. 2009

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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The growth behavior of austenite grains in GCr15 steel was investigated through the isothermal annealing tests of the steel under different heating temperatures and holding times. The tests were performed on a Gleeble-3800 thermo-mechanical simulation machine. Austenitizing temperatures 1223, 1323, 1373, and 1423 K were chosen, and holding time varied from 0 to 480 s. Experimental results suggest that austenite grains grow gradually with the increase of heating temperature, and holding time has an important effect on the growth of austenite grains. The time exponent for the growth is bigger at higher temperature, and the growth rate decreases with increasing time. On the basis of previous models and experimental results, a mathematical model that can describe the growth behavior of austenite grains in the tested steel under different heating temperatures and holding times was obtained using regression analysis. The predicted grain sizes by the model are in good agreement with measured ones.

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“…[6] Equation [5] has been used by many authors (Seok et al, 2014;Maalekian et al, 2012;Nanba et al, 1992;Florez and Martinez, 1997;Rollett, Srolovitz and Anderson, 1989;Sellars and Whiteman, 1979;Fu et al, 2011;Wang and Wang, 2008;Wang et al, 2006) by assuming the value of D o to be zero or constant. This simplifies the plot of lnD as a function of 1/T.…”

Section: Development Of a Constitutive Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous attempts have been made to develop an empirical model based on the general equation developed by Sellars and Whiteman (1979). Many of these models do not account for the direct effects of the microalloying elements such as Nb in austenite grain growth control [Fu et al, 2011;Wang and Wang, 2008;Wang et al, 2006;Shanmugama et al, 2005;Banerjee et al, 2010;Pous-Romeroa et al, 2013). The current work has considered this limitation, taking into account the direct effect of niobium in grain growth control during thermal processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%