Modeling of PEM fuel cell Pt/C catalyst degradation

Bi, Wu; Fuller, Thomas F.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.12.007

Cited by 137 publications

(141 citation statements)

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“…In many cases, platinum catalyst degradation in the cathode is an important factor in fuel cell durability and life [27,34]. One cause of catalyst degradation is the dissolution of the platinum particles into ions [25,27,34,35].…”

Section: Catalyst Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One cause of catalyst degradation is the dissolution of the platinum particles into ions [25,27,34,35]. The ions either redeposit on large platinum particles or dissolve and migrate away from the catalyst layer and into nearby regions [33].…”

Section: Catalyst Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These models are incomplete and do not account for the fuel cell operational factors that results in catalyst degradation. Several models of fuel cell electrochemical interactions account for platinum catalyst degradation [34,38]. They capture the physics of the rate of dissolution and oxidation of the platinum particles.…”

Section: Catalyst Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Degradation in PEM Fuel Cells and Mitigation Strategies Using System Design and Control

Thangavelautham¹

2018

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

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The rapid miniaturization of electronics, sensors, and actuators has reduced the cost of field sensor networks and enabled more functionality in ever smaller packages. Networks of field sensors have emerging applications in environmental monitoring, in disaster monitoring, security, and agriculture. Batteries limit potential applications due to their low specific energy. A promising alternative is photovoltaics. Photovoltaics require large, bulky panels and are impacted by daily and seasonal variation in solar insolation that requires coupling to a backup power source. Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells are a promising alternative, because they are clean, quiet, and operate at high efficiencies. However, challenges remain in achieving long lives due to catalyst degradation and hydrogen storage. In this chapter, we present a design framework for high-energy fuel cell power supplies applied to field sensor networks. The aim is to achieve long operational lives by controlling degradation and utilizing high-energy density fuels such as lithium hydride to produce hydrogen. Lithium hydride in combination with fuel-cell wastewater or ambient humidity can achieve fuel specific energy of 5000 Wh/kg. The results of the study show that the PEM hybrid system fueled using lithium hydride offers a three-to fivefold reduction in mass compared to state-of-the-art batteries.

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Section: Catalyst Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Catalyst Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Degradation in PEM Fuel Cells and Mitigation Strategies Using System Design and Control

Thangavelautham¹

2018

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

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“…During the electrochemical reaction of the catalyst, these nanocomposites undergo structural changes in terms of Pt concentration and distribution. These changes, also known as the loss in the active surface area of the catalyst, were associated in previous studies [179][180][181] Potential cycling is considered to be the main cause of coarsening and coalescence of Pt particles in the catalyst. The effect of cycling becomes more noticeable with an increased number of applied cycles [186][187][188][189][190] as well as with changing the profile and frequency of these cycles [182][183][184][185].…”

Section: Pt and Ionomer Dissolutionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Degradation aspects of water formation and transport in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell: A review

Ous

Arcoumanis

2013

Journal of Power Sources

137

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link AbstractThis review paper summarises the key aspects of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) degradation that are associated with water formation, retention, accumulation, and transport mechanisms within the cell. Issues related to loss of active surface area of the catalyst, ionomer dissolution, membrane swelling, ice formation, corrosion, and contamination are also addressed and discussed. The impact of each of these water mechanisms on cell performance and durability was found to be different and to vary according to the design of the cell and its operating conditions. For example, the presence of liquid water within Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA), as a result of water accumulation, can be detrimental if the operating temperature of the cell drops to sub-freezing.The volume expansion of liquid water due to ice formation can damage the morphology of different parts of the cell and may shorten its life-time. This can be more serious, for example, during the water transport mechanism where migration of Pt particles from the catalyst may take place after detachment from the carbon support. Furthermore, the effect of transport mechanism could be augmented if humid reactant gases containing impurities poison the membrane, leading to the same outcome as water retention or accumulation.Overall, the impact of water mechanisms can be classified as aging or catastrophic. Aging has a longterm impact over the duration of the PEMFC life-time whereas in the catastrophic mechanism the impact is immediate. The conversion of cell residual water into ice at sub-freezing temperatures by the water retention/ accumulation mechanism and the access of poisoning contaminants through the water transport mechanism are considered to fall into the catastrophic category. The effect of water mechanisms on PEMFC degradation can be reduced or even eliminated by (a) using advanced materials for improving the electrical, chemical and mechanical stability of the cell components against deterioration, and (b) implementing effective strategies for water management in the cell.

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“…These works were directed on search of experiments and theoretical data to propose and understand the mechanisms of CO adsorption and its poisoning of different nanocatalysts. Calculations help to 'realize' reaction conditions in a more simple way as compared with experiments [7]. Some problems may be solved through understanding of micro-mechanisms of atom and molecular interaction with nanocatalysts, when theoretical mechanisms for adsorption are understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%