Modeling of Rotary Kilns and Application to Limestone Calcination

Abstract

This paper presents the one dimensional modeling of rotary kilns used for energy intensive production processes. Raw material is fed into an inclined rotating kiln and heated by counter current gas flow. Chemical reactions take place in the bed of raw material as well as in the gas phase. Heat and mass transfer between the bed and the gas phase are implemented. Also the heat transfer to the environment is taken into account. As a benchmark, the process of limestone calcination is chosen. Results are compared with computational fluid dynamic simulations.

Rotary kiln process: An overview of physical mechanisms, models and applications

“…A correlation in the laminar regime is obtained for aspect ratios (𝐿 𝑘𝑖𝑙𝑛 𝐷 𝑘𝑖𝑙𝑛 ⁄ ) equal to 0.5, 0.1 and 0.01. The correlation proposed by Küssel et al [91] lies close to that given by Hausen [92,93]. Huchet et al [86], Piton [97], Piton et al [87] and Seghir-Ouali et al [98] all proposed correlation (13)…”

“…𝜉 𝑎 is Darcy's friction factor (𝜉 𝑎 = [0.79 × 𝑙𝑛(𝑅𝑒 𝐷ℎ ) − 1.64] −2 ), 𝑁𝑢 𝐷ℎ and 𝑅𝑒 𝐷ℎ respectively the Nusselt number and Reynolds number, taken as a function of the hydraulic diameter 𝐷 ℎ for the gas region. In their modeling studies of the calcination of CaCO3 in a rotary kiln, Küssel et al [91] proposed a correlation similar to that of Agrawal and Ghoshdastidar [79], as given by relation (10) below:…”

Modelica Modelling of an Ammonia Stripper

“…Joos et al (2009) model several chemical processes (absorption, adsorption and rectification). Küssel et al (2009) model rotary kilns (i.e. combustion) and make comparisons with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations.…”