Modeling of the Grain Structure Formation in the Steel Continuous Ingot by Cafe Method

Burbelko, A.; Falkus, J.; Kapturkiewicz, W.; Sołek, K.; Dróżdż, P.; Wróbel, Marek

doi:10.2478/v10172-012-0037-0

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Various variants of boundary conditions assumed in the numerical simulation, describing complex mechanisms of heat transfer between the solidifying cast strand and the environment, enable various cooling programmes to be optimised for the shell forming rate or thermal stress occurring in the cast strand [1]. ProCAST is an example of a commercial program which enables the CCS process to be modelled [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Thermal Analysis Tests Results in the Numerical Simulations of Continuous Casting Process

Kargul¹,

Wielgosz²,

Falkus³

2015

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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Measurement of thermophysical properties of steel is possible by using different thermal analysis techniques. In the field of metallurgy the most relevant methods are Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The paper presents the results of thermophysical properties which are necessary to carry out numerical simulation of continuous casting of steel. The study was performed for two steel grades S320GD and S235JR. The main aim of the research was to determine the dependence of specific heat on temperature. On the basis of obtained results the thermal effects of phase transformations and characteristic transition temperatures were also identified. Both the specific heat of steel and thermal effects of phase transformations are included in the Fourier-Kirchhoff equation, as the material properties necessary to obtain the numerical solution. The paper presents the research methodology, analysis of results and method of determining the specific heat of steel based on the results of DSC analysis.Keywords: thermal analysis of steel, specific heat, enthalpy of phase transitions, steel Pomiar właściwości termofizycznych stali możliwy jest dzięki wykorzystaniu różnych technik analizy termicznej. W metalurgii najszersze zastosowanie znalazły różnicowa analiza termiczna (DTA) oraz różnicowa kalorymetria skaningowa (DSC). W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań właściwości termofizycznych koniecznych do przeprowadzenia symulacji numerycznej procesu ciągłego odlewania stali. Badania wykonano dla dwóch gatunków stali S320GD i S235JR. Głównym celem badań było wyznaczenie funkcyjnej zależności ciepła właściwego analizowanych gatunków stali od temperatury. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań określono również efekty cieplne przemian fazowych oraz charakterystyczne temperatury przemian. Zarówno ciepło właściwe stali jak i efekty cieplne przemian fazowych wchodzą w skład równania Fouriera-Kirchhoffa, jako właściwości materiałowe konieczne do uzyskania rozwiązania numerycznego. W pracy przedstawiono metodykę badań, analizę uzyskanych wyników oraz sposób wyznaczania ciepła właściwego stali w oparciu wyniki analizy DSC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Thermal Analysis Tests Results in the Numerical Simulations of Continuous Casting Process

Kargul¹,

Wielgosz²,

Falkus³

2015

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

Self Cite

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“…(1), primarily predicted for continuous casting description can be applied to the simulation of thermal gradient field which is created during solidification of the virtual static brass ingot. It seems possible to determine the structural zones in the static ingot, analogously with the structure predictions made for the continuous casting, [33], [34].…”

Section: Mathematical Forecast Of Structural Zones' Formation In a VImentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Similarities / Differences between Steel Static and Virtual Brass Static Casting

Kwapisiński

Ivanova

Kania

et al. 2017

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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An innovative method for determining the structural zones in the large static steel ingots has been described. It is based on the mathematical interpretation of some functions obtained due to simulation of temperature field and thermal gradient field for solidifying massive ingot. The method is associated with the extrema of an analyzed function and with its points of inflection. Particularly, the CET transformation is predicted as a time-consuming transition from the columnar-into equiaxed structure. The equations dealing with heat transfer balance for the continuous casting are presented and used for the simulation of temperature field in the solidifying virtual static brass ingot. The developed method for the prediction of structural zones formation is applied to determine these zones in the solidifying brass static ingot. Some differences / similarities between structure formation during solidification of the steel static ingot and virtual brass static ingot are studied. The developed method allows to predict the following structural zones: fine columnar grains zone, (FC), columnar grains zone, (C), equiaxed grains zone, (E). The FCCT-transformation and CET-transformation are forecast as sharp transitions of the analyzed structures. Similarities between steel static ingot morphology and that predicted for the virtual brass static ingot are described.

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“…In contrast, the solidification of alloys -including steel -also takes place with positive temperature gradient in front solidification [3][4][5][6]. It is believed that the cause of alloys solidification (steel) with positive temperature gradient in the liquid phase is the concentrational overcooling phenomenon as a result of steel compositions division in the range of solidification temperature due to variable solubility of the component in the liquid phase and solid phase.…”

Section: Primary Structure Of a Continuously Cast Ingotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Temperature Fields Heterogeneity in the Tundish on Primary Structure of Continuously Cast Ingots

Pieprzyca

Kudliński

Merder

2015

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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The formation of the cast strands' primary structure is a very complex process in terms of the thermodynamics and physicochemical. It occurs during solidification and crystallization of the liquid steel in the crystallizer and in the secondary cooling zone of the CC device. On the basis of the experience gained in the industry and knowledge arising from theory of metals and alloys solidification it can be concluded, that substantial influence on the shape of cast strands primary structure have the temperature of overheating of the liquid steel above liquidus temperature and solidification velocity. A proper control of those casting parameters allows to obtain the cast strands with desired primary structure. In the one and two-way symmetric devices regulation like this is not problematic, in the multi-way devices -specially in the asymmetric -causes a series of problems. In those devices can occur a major temperature difference in each outlet zone of the tundish working space caused by i.e. the distance length diversity of liquid steel stream from the inlet to each outlet and by disadvantageous layout of liquid steel flow zones (turbulent flow zone, plug flow and dead zones) in working area of tundish. Particularly high values of those diversity can be expected in the asymmetric tundishes.The article presents results of laboratory research -model and industrial regarding impact of the liquid steel overheating temperature, but also heterogeneity of the temperature fields in the tundish on primary structure of the cast strands.Keywords: steel, steel continuous casting, physical modelling, primary structure Tworzenie się struktury pierwotnej wlewków ciągłych jest bardzo złożonym, pod względem termodynamicznym i fizykochemicznym procesem. Zachodzi on w trakcie krzepnięcia i krystalizacji ciekłej stali w krystalizatorze i strefie wtórnego chłodzenia urządzenia COS. Na podstawie doświadczeń uzyskanych z praktyki przemysłowej oraz wiedzy wynikającej z teorii krzepnięcia metali i ich stopów można stwierdzić, że istotny wpływ na postać struktury pierwotnej wlewków ciągłych ma temperatura przegrzania ciekłej stali ponad temperaturę likwidus oraz prędkość krzepnięcia. Właściwa regulacja tych parametrów odlewania umożliwia uzyskiwanie wlewków o wymaganej strukturze pierwotnej. O ile w urządzeniach jednożyłowych i dwużyłowych symetrycznych taka regulacja nie stwarza większych problemów, to w urządzeniach wielożyłowych, a szczególnie niesymetrycznych nastręcza szereg problemów. W tego typu urządzeniach mogą wystąpić znaczne różnica temperatury w poszczególnych strefach wylewowych przestrzeni roboczej kadzi pośredniej, spowodowane np. zróżnicowaniem długości drogi dotarcia strumienia ciekłej stali z punktu wlewowego do poszczególnych wylewów i niekorzystnym układem stref przepływu ciekłej stali (strefy przepływu turbulentnego, tłokowego i stref martwych) w przestrzeni roboczej kadzi pośredniej. Szczególnie dużych wartości tych różnic można się spodziewać w kadziach niesymetrycznych.W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań laborato...

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Modeling of the Grain Structure Formation in the Steel Continuous Ingot by Cafe Method

Cited by 30 publications

References 7 publications

Application of Thermal Analysis Tests Results in the Numerical Simulations of Continuous Casting Process

Application of Thermal Analysis Tests Results in the Numerical Simulations of Continuous Casting Process

Some Similarities / Differences between Steel Static and Virtual Brass Static Casting

Effect of Temperature Fields Heterogeneity in the Tundish on Primary Structure of Continuously Cast Ingots

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