Modeling of the Melting of Aluminum Particles during the RH Refining Process

Abstract

The aluminum content in oriented silicon steel obviously influences its magnetic properties. In the current work, the movement and melting process of added aluminum particles during Ruhrstahl-Heraeus (RH) treatment were simulated using a mathematical approach, considering the effect of the multiphase fluid flow on the evolution of aluminum particles and the dissolved aluminum distribution. The current model was validated by the [Al] content in the molten steel measured by an industry experiment. Most of the added aluminum particles were melted within 5 s after they connected with the molten steel under the superheat of 28 K. The statistics of the melting time and trajectory length showed a normal distribution. Furthermore, both the melting time and the trajectory length of aluminum particles decreased as the superheat increased. Since the maximum mixing time may go up when the superheat is excessive, the suggested superheat should range from 20 K to 30 K during the RH refining process. Besides, an appropriate sampling position with a short mixing time was proposed.

Computing Concentration Distribution of Lump Additives in Argon-stirred Melt

“…In the paper [4], it is presented simulation of adding aluminum particles during RH Refining process. Multiphase flow of melt is taken into account.…”

Advanced Simulation Technologies of Metallurgical Processing

“…Solidification was also addressed by a volume-averaged approach for multiphase flow during alloy solidification, indicating that a full 3D calculation with the multiphase volume-averaged solidification will be available in the not too far future due to the development in computer power. The Ruhrstahl-Heraeus (RH) treatment [13] involves also multi-phase flow for distributing aluminum in oriented silicon steel for advanced magnetic properties and was investigated under different super-heating conditions.…”

Modelling of non-metallic inclusions in steel

“…Thus, there is a great incentive to understand the formation mechanism of inclusions, and to develop models for the formation of inclusions in the steel. The research of the current authors focused on non-metallic inclusions in steel nearly thirty years, including the nucleation of inclusions during dexidation of the steel (Zhang and Pluschkell 2003;Zhang 2013;Yang et al 2015;Li et al 2018;Liu, Zhang, Zhang, Duan et al 2018;Duan, Ren, et al 2019;Duan et al 2019c), the motion and removal of inclusions during steel argon stirring process (Yang et al 2013;Guo et al 2017;Zhang et al 2017;Duan et al 2019a;, RH vacuum degassing (Zhang and Li 2014;Ling, Zhang, and Liu 2017;Ling and Zhang 2018a, 2018bLing et al 2018;Liu et al 2019), continuous casting tundish Zhang 2005Zhang , 2010Ling and Zhang 2013;) and mould strand (Zhang et al 2006;Zhang et al 2008;Wang et al 2011Wang et al , 2013Wang, Zhang, Sridhar, et al 2016;Ren et al , 2019Zhang X, Ren, Zhang, and Yang 2018;Zhang X, Wang, et al 2018;Zhang X, Chen, Scheller, et al 2019;Jiang et al 2019;, capturing of inclusions in the continuous casting strand and final entrapped location of inclusions in continuous casting slabs, (Zhang and Wang 2012;Ren et al 2014;Chen, Li, et al 2019) and transformation of inclusion during the solidification and cooling of molten and solid steels (Yang et al 2017;…”

“…Thus, there is a great incentive to understand the formation mechanism of inclusions, and to develop models for the formation of inclusions in the steel. The research of the current authors focused on non-metallic inclusions in steel nearly thirty years, including the nucleation of inclusions during dexidation of the steel (Zhang and Pluschkell 2003; Zhang 2013; Yang et al 2015; Li et al 2018; Liu and Zhang 2018; Liu, Zhang, Zhang, Duan et al 2018; Liu, Zhang, Zhang, Ren, et al 2018; Zhang Y et al 2018; Duan, Ren, et al 2019; Duan et al 2019c), the motion and removal of inclusions during steel argon stirring process (Yang et al 2013; Guo et al 2017; Zhang et al 2017; Duan, Ren, et al 2018; Duan, Zhang, et al 2018; Ren and Zhang 2018; Duan et al 2019a; Duan, Zhang, et al 2019), RH vacuum degassing (Zhang and Li 2014; Ling, Li, et al 2016; Ling, Guo, et al 2017; Ling, Zhang, and Liu 2017; Duan, Ren, et al 2018; Duan, Zhang, et al 2018; Ling and Zhang 2018a, 2018b, 2019; Ling et al 2018; Liu et al 2019), continuous casting tundish (Zhang et al 2000; Zhang 2005, 2010; Ling and Zhang 2013; Li et al 2016; Ling, Zhang, et al 2016; Ling, Zhang, and Wang 2017; Ren, Zhang, et al 2017) and mould strand (Zhang et al 2006; Zhang et al 2008; Wang et al 2011, 2013; Wang, Zhang, Sridhar, et al 2016; Wang, Zhang, Wang, et al 2016; Ren et al 2018,…”