Modeling of the polarization behavior of elliptical surface-relief VCSELs

Panajotov, Krassimir; Kotyński, Rafał; Camarena, Miren; Thienpont, Hugo

doi:10.1007/s11082-005-1165-9

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…We also take into account the small birefringence Δn =2•10 -4 of the CC-VCSEL, by taking nx-ny= Δn for all of the layers except the two oxidized layers. Such small birefringence is typical for GaAs-based VCSELs, due to the small residual stress between the [110] and [ ] crystallographic directions [14][15][16]. It results in wavelength separation of the same lateral modes with orthogonal x and y polarizations.…”

Section: Cc-vcsel Structure and Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transverse Mode Mixing in a Coupled-Cavity VCSEL

Frasunkiewicz

Panajotov

Thienpont

et al. 2020

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Section: Cc-vcsel Structure and Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transverse Mode Mixing in a Coupled-Cavity VCSEL

Frasunkiewicz

Panajotov

Thienpont

et al. 2020

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“… 18 . Going a bit further, an anisotropic stress applied onto a quantum well gain medium induces polarization dependent variations of both the gain and the refractive index 19 – 21 , which in turn directly impacts the nonlinear polarization dynamics of the laser itself 22 . Although this approach could lead to a more complex system of equations as those used in ref.…”

Section: Triggering Polarization Chaos Through Anisotropic Strainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain induced polarization chaos in a solitary VCSEL

Raddo

Panajotov

Borges

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Physical curiosity at the beginning, optical chaos is now attracting increasing interest in various technological areas such as detection and ranging or secure communications, to name but a few. However, the complexity of optical chaos generators still significantly hinders their development. In this context, the generation of chaotic polarization fluctuations in a single laser diode has proven to be a significant step forward, despite being observed solely for quantum-dot vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). Here, we demonstrate experimentally that a similar polarization dynamics can be consistently obtained in quantum-well VCSELs. Indeed, by introducing anisotropic strain in the laser cavity, we successfully triggered the desired chaotic dynamics. The simplicity of the proposed approach, based on low-cost and easily available components including off-the-shelf VCSELs, paves the way to the wide spread use of solitary VCSELs for chaos-based applications. Polarization chaos from a solitary VCSELBesides its interest as a test-bed for a better understanding of the behaviour of complex nonlinear dynamical systems, optical chaos has been smartly exploited in chaotic laser radar 1 , secure communication or key distribution 2-6 , and high-speed random bit generators [7][8][9][10] . For all these applications, a laser subject to optical injection and/or time-delayed feedback is typically used as a source of chaos 11,12 . But this solution is also relatively complex to setup, run and maintain. In addition, it also makes the whole system quite expensive, hence creating a major hurdle that limits both the attractivity and further developments of these schemes. The discovery of polarization chaos [13][14][15][16] , i.e. chaotic polarization fluctuations that can be generated directly from a solitary laser diode, was expected to significantly change the current scenario. Indeed, having a single tiny laser generating chaotic fluctuations without any external perturbation would be the simplest and most efficient way of generating optical chaos. Nevertheless, polarization chaos has only been observed so far in one specific type of semiconductor laser: the quantum dot vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), grown and described by Hopfer et al. 17 . Even though the observation of polarization chaos has proven to be a very promising result, the commercial non-availability of such devices makes this optical source disconnected from real-world applications.In this article, we overcome this hurdle and demonstrate polarization chaos dynamics in a commercially available quantum-well (QW) VCSEL on which we mechanically applied in-plane anisotropic strain. By changing the orientation and the amount of applied strain, we tune the internal parameters of the gain medium 18-22 to successfully generate the desired chaotic output. Despite the emergence of a second-order mode and the difference in its polarization, our observations are in excellent agreement with previous experimental results reported for QD VCSELs 15. Mo...

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“…Recently we have extensively used the plane-wave based methods in other vectorial photonic calculations including modal modeling of photonic crystal fibers (PCF), 16 PCFs with Bragg gratings, 17 VCSELs, 18 and 3D photonic layered structures. 19 The common advantage of all these plane-wave methods is that they operate in the frequency domain and are applicable to dispersive, lossy, metallic, active, magnetic, as well as negative index materials without any modifications.…”

Section: Layered Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Super-resolving metallo-dielectric flat lens

et al. 2009

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We characterise two geometries of silver-dielectric layered or single layer patterned lenses for subwavelength imaging in the visible spectral range. The first consists of a periodic multilayer operating for the TM polarisation in a planar geometry, and the other is a grooved structure with rotational symmetry operating for the radial polarisation. For the multilayer superlens, diffraction-free propagation is conditioned on the phase flatness of the transfer function. Low-loss, diffraction-free transmission is demonstrated at micrometer distances and compared to diffractive propagation involving evanescent waves. The silver single layer lens, in turn, has double-sided grooves and no on-axis aperture. In another version the single layer lens has slits and no on-axis aperture, all rings and a stop are integrated with a fiber. Both lenses focus a far-field source into a far-field spot. They perform like a high numerical aperture optical objective and obey the diffraction limit.

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Modeling of the polarization behavior of elliptical surface-relief VCSELs

Cited by 12 publications

References 35 publications

Transverse Mode Mixing in a Coupled-Cavity VCSEL

Transverse Mode Mixing in a Coupled-Cavity VCSEL

Strain induced polarization chaos in a solitary VCSEL

Super-resolving metallo-dielectric flat lens

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