Modeling of the unsteady force for shock–particle interaction

Interactions between inertial particles and shocklets in compressible turbulent flow

“…[29][30][31] It has also been shown that for certain particle parameters, the point-particle model can still be used to study the particle-shock interaction. 32 In this study, we will investigate inertial particles with different density advected in a compressible homogeneous isotropic turbulence by using numerical simulations. The background flow is solved in the Eulerian framework, while the inertial particles are tracked simultaneously by solving the dynamic equations for particles.…”

“…Parmar et al 32 have proposed an outline for numerically simulating particle-shock interaction, and the theoretical model has been compared with experiments and computations. Similar to their work we only retain the added-mass effect and the Stokes drag.…”

Importance of unsteady force and heating to particle interaction with shock/detonation waves

“…Recently, Sun et al [2] and Bredin et al [6] presented timeresolved measurements of the force on a stationary particle subjected to a shock wave. The instantaneous force on the particle under such highly unsteady conditions was shown to be much larger than the corresponding quasi-steady force, see also [7]. Similarly, fully-resolved simulations [3,4] indicate a rapid rise in particle velocity and temperature when a shock wave passes over a particle.…”

Numerical simulations of spray jet in supersonic crossflows using an Eulerian approach with an SMD model

“…It should be mentioned that the quasi-steady contribution dominates the interaction process since the particle motion is a long term behavior for large particle-to-fluid ratio ( Rudinger, 1980;Sommerfeld, 1985;Balachandar, 2009;Parmar et al, 2009 ). The unsteady forces including the added-mass force, pressure gradient force and viscous-unsteady force account only for short times in the unsteady state even with the shock wave passing through the particle phase ( Ling et al, 2011( Ling et al, , 2012Liu et al, 2015 ).…”