Modeling of Throughfall Chemistry and Indirect Measurement of Dry Deposition

Johannes, Arland H.; Chen, Y. L.; Dackson, K.; Suleski, T.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3385-9_21

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The reasons for the enrichments in throughfall have been widely examined (Ulrich 1983;Johannes et al 1986;Dehaye et al 1999;Solange et al 1999). The fl ux of Mg 2+ in throughfall increased with the increment of Ca 2+ .…”

Section: Precipitation and Canopy Interceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both of them have been successfully applied to a variety of forests in temperate forests (Johannes et al 1986;Edmonds et al 1991;Staelens et al 2003) and in (sub-)tropical forests (Campo et al 2000;Fan and Hong 2001;Lin et al 2000). The Na-ratio method tends to underestimate the dry deposition of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ and overestimate deposition of K + , because the mass median diameters of the ions of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ are larger than Na + , but that of K + is smaller than that of Na + (Draaijers et al 1997;Zeng et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Deposition pattern of precipitation and throughfall in a subtropical evergreen forest in south-central China

Zhang

Zeng

Huang

et al. 2006

Journal of Forest Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effects of dry deposition, canopy leaching, precipitation ion concentration, and precipitation H + concentration on net throughfall fl ux (NTF, throughfall minus bulk precipitation) were evaluated on a seasonal basis by using a multiple regression analysis approach based on an observation period of 4 years in Shaoshan subtropical mixed evergreen forest, south-central China. Regression analysis results indicated that the estimated canopy exchange fl ux was the dominant factor regulating the NTF and the calculated dry deposition was a minor term. The seasonal dry deposition of base cations accounted for 15%-43% of the NTF. The NTF analysis showed that K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , and weak acids in throughfall were derived from foliar leaching and the canopy uptakes of H + , NH 4 + , and NO 3 − were from precipitation. The retention rate of proton (H + and NH 4 + ) in the canopy was close to the canopy leaching rate of base cations when corrected for weak acids because weak acid-induced canopy leaching did not exchange with protons, which suggested that the canopy leaching processes neutralized acid precipitation in Shaoshan forest.

show abstract

Section: Precipitation and Canopy Interceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposition pattern of precipitation and throughfall in a subtropical evergreen forest in south-central China

Zhang

Zeng

Huang

et al. 2006

Journal of Forest Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is due to the fact that the flux of pollutants depositing directly on forest canopy, together with excretive materials from canopy itself, are washed together with precipitation into canopy samplers in the process of rainfall [16] . The pH values in throughfall samples are lower compared with the levels in precipitation, these phenomena are in agreement with the work done at the southern rural area of Chongqing [17] .…”

Section: The Ph Values and Chemical Compositions Of Precipitation Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of dry deposition fluxes of major inorganic species by canopy throughfall approach

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dry deposition in China has not yet been intensively studied even though it constitutes an important pathway for acid deposition. The total deposition was monitored at Tieshanping catchment, a regional remote site in Chongqing City. The dry deposition loads of sulphur, calcium and nitrogen are estimated by using a canopy throughfall approach. The results indicate that the annual dry deposition loads of sulphur and calcium at Tieshanping site are much higher than those measured in forestry areas in other countries, while the dry deposition flux of nitrogen is at a comparable level. The dry deposition loads of sulphur, calcium and nitrogen are all higher than the wet deposition loads. Applying a canopy budget model has proven that the routine, simplified canopy throughfall approach may underestimate the dry deposition flux of nitrogen-containing species.Dry deposition is an important deposition pathway of pollutants, at least equally important to wet deposition. To understand the total deposition of pollutants, China is lack of the systematic studies on the methodologies of dry deposition, measurements of dry deposition velocities as well as the quantification of regional dry depositions. As a consequence, the contribution of dry deposition to total deposition has been seriously uncertain. Secondly, most of the researches on acid deposition in China were performed in urban areas, and the study on regional acid deposition needs to be reinforced. The acid deposition itself is a regional issue, as the abatement of sulphur emissions has been getting more and more stringent in urban areas, the observation of acid deposition at non-urban sites will be essential to understand the trends of acid deposition problem at regional scale.The studies on quantification of total deposition in forestry areas in catchments have been very intensive in the world. Numerous researches estimated the dry deposition fluxes of sulphur and chlorine by using net throughfall approach [1][2][3][4], 1) . The Integrated Forest Program of US estimated the wet and dry deposition of sulphur, nitrogen and other species at 13 forestry observatories by employing the same method [5] . Modified throughfall method and other technologies were also employed in studies of acid deposition in forests, e.g. the valley mass balance method was used in forests in US [6] and lake ecosystem in Sweden [7] to calculate the deposition of sulphur, sodium and chlorine, and the wet and dry depositions of sulphur in the Netherlands were measured at 30 forest areas by throughfall method and estimated by using dry deposition velocities [8] , and the dry depositions of sulphur, nitrogen and calcium in forestry ecosystem in the Netherlands were estimated by canopy budget model [9] .Taking Tieshanping catchment, Chongqing City as the non-urban site, the measurements on wet deposition, throughfall and their chemical compositions together with chemical analysis of gaseous pollutants and PM10 were conducted from 2001 to 2003. The dry depositions of major inorganic species are calcu...

show abstract

Factors controlling throughfall chemistry in a balsam fir canopy: A modeling approach

1989

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. This paper presents a model of water flux and throughfall concentrations of K + and NH: in a subalpine balsam fir forest. The model is based on a multi-layer submodel of hydrologic flow. Cloud water deposition and evaporation are incorporated as separate submodels. Chemical exchange is parameterized with diffusion resistances and internal foliar concentrations determined from leaching experiments on isolated canopy components. The model is tested against within-storm throughfall measurements and found to agree reasonably well in most instances. Some specific departures from observed data are noted, of which some can be explained. Differences between observed and modeled concentrations of K + early in the storm events suggest that pre-storm conditions, which were not modeled, are important in controlling the chemical exchange.Responses of throughfall chemistry to changes in rain rate, rain concentration, and stand surface area index (SAI) were investigated by simulation with the model. Increasing rain rates increased leaching of K + and uptake of NH:. Increasing concentrations of K + in rain decreased slightly the amount of K+ leached, but increasing concentration of NH: in rain increased NH: uptake proportionately. Increasing canopy SAI increased the leaching of K + and the uptake of NH:, with the pattern of the increase dependent on rain rate.

show abstract

Modeling of Throughfall Chemistry and Indirect Measurement of Dry Deposition

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

Deposition pattern of precipitation and throughfall in a subtropical evergreen forest in south-central China

Deposition pattern of precipitation and throughfall in a subtropical evergreen forest in south-central China

Estimation of dry deposition fluxes of major inorganic species by canopy throughfall approach

Factors controlling throughfall chemistry in a balsam fir canopy: A modeling approach

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About