Modeling of wear resistance for TC21 Ti-alloy using response surface methodology

Abdelmoneim, Ali; Elshaer, Ramadan N.; El-Shennawy, M.; Sobh, Arafa S.

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-31699-1

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The fitness of the adhesion strength model R 2 was 0.9074, the adjusted R 2 was 0.8657 and the predicted R 2 was 0.7149. The values of all three terms are close to one, which indicates the established model had excellent predictive performance [32]. The adequate precision, which represents the signal-to-noise ratio, is greater than four, implying adequate model discrimination [33].…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 72%

The Influence of Laser Process Parameters on the Adhesion Strength between Electroless Copper and Carbon Fiber Composites Determined Using Response Surface Methodology

Wang,

Liu,

Liu

et al. 2023

Micromachines

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Laser process technology provides a feasible method for directly manufacturing surface-metallized carbon fiber composites (CFCs); however, the laser’s process parameters strongly influence on the adhesion strength between electroless copper and CFCs. Here, a nanosecond ultraviolet laser was used to fabricate electroless copper on the surface of CFCs. In order to achieve good adhesion strength, four key process parameters, namely, the laser power, scanning line interval, scanning speed, and pulse frequency, were optimized experimentally using response surface methodology, and a central composite design was utilized to design the experiments. An analysis of variance was conducted to evaluate the adequacy and significance of the developed regression model. Also, the effect of the process parameters on the adhesion strength was determined. The numerical analysis indicated that the optimized laser power, scanning line interval, scanning speed, and pulse frequency were 5.5 W, 48.2 μm, 834.0 mm/s, and 69.5 kHz, respectively. A validation test confirmed that the predicted results were consistent with the actual values; thus, the developed mathematical model can adequately predict responses within the limits of the laser process parameters being used.

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Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 72%

The Influence of Laser Process Parameters on the Adhesion Strength between Electroless Copper and Carbon Fiber Composites Determined Using Response Surface Methodology

Wang,

Liu,

Liu

et al. 2023

Micromachines

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“…The Arrhenius equation was used to determine activation energy from the thermal oxidation method by relating K p to T (temperature) 14 . where K o represents the pre-exponential factor, Q is the activation energy, R (8.3143 J/(mol K)) is the gas constant, and T (°K) is the temperature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The microstructure can be changed using different heat treatment regimes and cooling media. The microstructural parameters include morphology, grain size, volume fraction, and phase distribution 13 , 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of thermal oxidation parameters on micro-hardness and hot corrosion of Ti-6Al-3Mo-2Nb-2Sn-2Zr-1.5Cr alloy

Ahmed

El-Zomor

Ghazala

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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Protective oxide layers on Ti-6Al-3Mo-2Nb-2Sn-2Zr-1.5Cr (TC21) alloy with equiaxed microstructure considerably influence micro-hardness and hot corrosion resistance. The present work’s thermal oxidation of TC21 alloy was performed at 600, 700, and 800 °C for 5, 20, and 50 h durations. Hot corrosion methods in NaCl and NaCl + Na2SO4 salt media were applied to raw (unoxidized) and oxidized samples at 600 and 800 °C for 50 h. Hot corrosion was conducted at 600 °C for 5 cycles with 10-h steps. The best oxide layer thickness was observed at 800 °C, which increased with increased oxidation time and temperature. The surface hardness of the oxide layer at 800 °C was 900 ± 60 HV0.05 owing to the formation of TiO2 and Al2O3 phases. Raw material hardness was 342 ± 20 HV0.05, increasing threefold due to thermal oxidation. In the case of NaCl, weight loss dominated all samples except at 800 °C for 5 h. In the case of NaCl + Na2SO4, weight gain occurred at 600 and 800 °C for 5 h. Weight loss occurred for the raw samples and those processed at 800 °C for 20 and 50 h, where the oxide layer flaked off. Surface hardness increased upon hot corrosion testing because of the formation of brittle phases, such as TiO2 and Na4Ti5O12. Samples that oxidized at 800 °C for 5 h had the highest hardness and corrosion resistance.

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“…Isothermal tensile tests were used in various investigations to analyze the deformation behaviour of the TC21 alloy, using stress–strain curves to determine that flow stress inversely correlates with temperature, while maintaining a direct relationship with strain rate 17 – 22 . In parallel, other studies employed constitutive modeling and high-temperature tensile tests under hot deformation conditions, identifying a direct link between strain and stress, and an inverse relationship between flow stress and strain rate 18 . Additional research focused on the effects of tool microstructure and variations in tool rake angle on the machinability of TC21 Ti-alloy 19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of machining parameters for turning operation of heat-treated Ti-6Al-3Mo-2Nb-2Sn-2Zr-1.5Cr alloy by Taguchi method

Elshaer,

El-Aty,

Sayed

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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TC21 alloy is a high-strength titanium alloy that has been gaining attention in various industries for its excellent combination of strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance. Given that this alloy is hard to cut material, therefore this study aims to optimize the process parameters of Turing this alloy under different conditions (i.e. as-received alloy, and heat-treated alloy). The L9 Taguchi approach-base orthogonal array is used to determine the optimum cutting parameters and the least number of experimental trials required. The achievement of this target, three different cutting parameters are used in the experimental work; each cutting parameter has three levels. The cutting speeds are chosen as 120, 100, and 80 m/min. The feed rates’ values are 0.15, 0.1, and 0.05, mm/rev, and the depth of cut values are 0.6, 0.4, and 0.2 mm. After applying three steps of heat treatment (First step: is heating the sample to 920 °C for 1 h then decreasing to 820 °C also for 1 h, second step: cooling the sample to room temperature by water quenching (WQ), the third step: holding the sample at 600 °C for 4 h (Aging process)). The results revealed that the triple heat treatment led to the change in the microstructure from (α + β) to (α + β) with secondary α platelets (αs) formed in residual β matrix leading to a decreased surface roughness by 56.25% and tool wear by 24.18%. The two most critical factors that affect the tool insert wear and surface roughness are the death of cut and cutting speed, which contribute 46.6% and 46.7% of the total, respectively. Feed rate, on the other hand, has the least importance, contributing 20.2% and 31.9% respectively.

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Modeling of wear resistance for TC21 Ti-alloy using response surface methodology

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

The Influence of Laser Process Parameters on the Adhesion Strength between Electroless Copper and Carbon Fiber Composites Determined Using Response Surface Methodology

The Influence of Laser Process Parameters on the Adhesion Strength between Electroless Copper and Carbon Fiber Composites Determined Using Response Surface Methodology

Impact of thermal oxidation parameters on micro-hardness and hot corrosion of Ti-6Al-3Mo-2Nb-2Sn-2Zr-1.5Cr alloy

Optimization of machining parameters for turning operation of heat-treated Ti-6Al-3Mo-2Nb-2Sn-2Zr-1.5Cr alloy by Taguchi method

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