“…In recent decades, researchers, governments, and consultant companies such as the European Wind Energy Association (EWEA), National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), and International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) have carried out assessments of offshore wind energy costs. Some of these studies focus on the part of the wind farm life cycle such as the installation phase (Kaiser and Snyder, 2012), operation and maintenance (Castro-Santos and Diaz Casas, 2014;Myhr et al, 2014), or identified the various cost factors involved in the life cycle of floating wind turbines. However, Shafiee et al (2016) proposed a framework for life cycle cost (LCC) modelling and the analysis of OWFs to compare the cost of different projects simultaneously.…”