Modeling optical behavior of birefringent biological tissues for evaluation of quantitative polarized light microscopy

Turnhout, Mark C. van; Kranenbarg, S.; Leeuwen, J.L. van

doi:10.1117/1.3241986

Cited by 25 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…These factors should be well controlled when performing PLM experiments [67]. In addition, local image brightness is susceptible to changes depending on the collagen content/density [64,68] (i.e. the mineral-to-matrix ratio), which is not uniform throughout a bone section, and thus complicates quantification of the 3D orientation of the mineralized collagen fibres from PLM images [64,68].…”

Section: Light-based Techniques 2211 Polarized Light Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, local image brightness is susceptible to changes depending on the collagen content/density [64,68] (i.e. the mineral-to-matrix ratio), which is not uniform throughout a bone section, and thus complicates quantification of the 3D orientation of the mineralized collagen fibres from PLM images [64,68]. In general, there is a lack of standardization in the analysis of polarized light images, mainly due to the challenging technical demands and the complex theory of polarized light and birefringence, which can lead to incorrect interpretations of PLM outcomes [62,64].…”

Section: Light-based Techniques 2211 Polarized Light Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Techniques to assess bone ultrastructure organization: orientation and arrangement of mineralized collagen fibrils

Georgiadis

Müller

Schneider

2016

J. R. Soc. Interface.

113

100

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Bone's remarkable mechanical properties are a result of its hierarchical structure. The mineralized collagen fibrils, made up of collagen fibrils and crystal platelets, are bone's building blocks at an ultrastructural level. The organization of bone's ultrastructure with respect to the orientation and arrangement of mineralized collagen fibrils has been the matter of numerous studies based on a variety of imaging techniques in the past decades. These techniques either exploit physical principles, such as polarization, diffraction or scattering to examine bone ultrastructure orientation and arrangement, or directly image the fibrils at the sub-micrometre scale. They make use of diverse probes such as visible light, X-rays and electrons at different scales, from centimetres down to nanometres. They allow imaging of bone sections or surfaces in two dimensions or investigating bone tissue truly in three dimensions, in vivo or ex vivo, and sometimes in combination with in situ mechanical experiments. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss this broad range of imaging techniques and the different modalities of their use, in order to discuss their advantages and limitations for the assessment of bone ultrastructure organization with respect to the orientation and arrangement of mineralized collagen fibrils.

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Section: Light-based Techniques 2211 Polarized Light Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Light-based Techniques 2211 Polarized Light Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Techniques to assess bone ultrastructure organization: orientation and arrangement of mineralized collagen fibrils

Georgiadis

Müller

Schneider

2016

J. R. Soc. Interface.

113

100

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“…This means that the retardance valley near the articular surface that is present in all age categories [23], must be interpreted differently for the youngest than for the oldest animals (figure 6). The retardance patterns measure primarily a combination of collagen densities and collagen fibril anisotropy [23,32] and the collagen density results (figure 6) show that the retardance valley reflects a decrease in collagen fibril anisotropy, and not a decrease in collagen density, in the adult animals. A decrease in collagen fibril anisotropy is the traditional interpretation of decreased retardance near the articular surface [4,6,45,46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To unravel the (depth-dependent) mechanobiology of the development of ECM structure and composition, we need better time- and space-resolved collagen density profiles. Information on collagen densities is also essential for the interpretation of optical retardation results from polarised microscopy studies (PLM) [32]. The cited studies into postnatal development of collagen orientation [19-23] all use PLM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous PLM study [23] we found a retardance valley between ≈ 30 μm and ≈ 80 μm from the articular surface for all age categories. Since such a valley can be caused by a minimum in collagen densities, or by a decrease in collagen fibre anisotropy [32], we wish to examine whether a valley in collagen density is present at that location.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Postnatal development of depth-dependent collagen density in ovine articular cartilage

et al. 2010

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BackgroundArticular cartilage (AC) is the layer of tissue that covers the articulating ends of the bones in diarthrodial joints. Adult AC is characterised by a depth-dependent composition and structure of the extracellular matrix that results in depth-dependent mechanical properties, important for the functions of adult AC. Collagen is the most abundant solid component and it affects the mechanical behaviour of AC. The current objective is to quantify the postnatal development of depth-dependent collagen density in sheep (Ovis aries) AC between birth and maturity. We use Fourier transform infra-red micro-spectroscopy to investigate collagen density in 48 sheep divided over ten sample points between birth (stillborn) and maturity (72 weeks). In each animal, we investigate six anatomical sites (caudal, distal and rostral locations at the medial and lateral side of the joint) in the distal metacarpus of a fore leg and a hind leg.ResultsCollagen density increases from birth to maturity up to our last sample point (72 weeks). Collagen density increases at the articular surface from 0.23 g/ml ± 0.06 g/ml (mean ± s.d., n = 48) at 0 weeks to 0.51 g/ml ± 0.10 g/ml (n = 46) at 72 weeks. Maximum collagen density in the deeper cartilage increases from 0.39 g/ml ± 0.08 g/ml (n = 48) at 0 weeks to 0.91 g/ml ± 0.13 g/ml (n = 46) at 72 weeks. Most collagen density profiles at 0 weeks (85%) show a valley, indicating a minimum, in collagen density near the articular surface. At 72 weeks, only 17% of the collagen density profiles show a valley in collagen density near the articular surface. The fraction of profiles with this valley stabilises at 36 weeks.ConclusionsCollagen density in articular cartilage increases in postnatal life with depth-dependent variation, and does not stabilize up to 72 weeks, the last sample point in our study. We find strong evidence for a valley in collagen densities near the articular surface that is present in the youngest animals, but that has disappeared in the oldest animals. We discuss that the retardance valley (as seen with polarised light microscopy) in perinatal animals reflects a decrease in collagen density, as well as a decrease in collagen fibril anisotropy.

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Identification of powdered Chinese herbal medicines by fluorescence microscopy, Part 1: Fluorescent characteristics of mechanical tissues, conducting tissues, and ergastic substances

Wang

Liang

et al. 2011

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The light microscope has been successfully used in identification of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) for more than a century. However, positive identification is not always possible. Given the popularity of fluorescence microscopy in bioanalysis, researchers dedicated to finding new ways to identify CHMs more effectively are now turning to fluorescence microscopy for authentication purposes. Some studies on distinguishing confused species from the same genus and on exploring distributions of chemicals in tissues of CHMs by fluorescence microscopy have been reported; however, no systematic investigations on fluorescent characteristics of powdered CHMs have been reported. Here, 46 samples of 16 CHMs were investigated. Specifically, the mechanical tissues including stone cells and fibers, the conducting tissues including three types of vessels, and ergastic substances including crystals of calcium oxalate and secretions, in various powdered CHMs were investigated by both light microscope and fluorescence microscope. The results showed many microscopic features emit fluorescence that makes them easily observed, even against complex backgrounds. Under the fluorescence microscope, different microscopic features from the same powdered CHM or some same features from different powdered CHMs emitted the different fluorescence, making this information very helpful for the authentication of CHMs in powder form. Moreover, secretions with unique chemical profiles from different powdered CHMs showed different fluorescent characteristics. Hence, fluorescence microscopy could be a useful additional method for the authentication of powdered CHMs if the fluorescent characteristics of specific CHMs are known.

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Modeling optical behavior of birefringent biological tissues for evaluation of quantitative polarized light microscopy

Cited by 25 publications

References 59 publications

Techniques to assess bone ultrastructure organization: orientation and arrangement of mineralized collagen fibrils

Techniques to assess bone ultrastructure organization: orientation and arrangement of mineralized collagen fibrils

Postnatal development of depth-dependent collagen density in ovine articular cartilage

Identification of powdered Chinese herbal medicines by fluorescence microscopy, Part 1: Fluorescent characteristics of mechanical tissues, conducting tissues, and ergastic substances

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