Modeling, Parameter Measurement, and Control of PMSG-based Grid-connected Wind Energy Conversion System

Abstract

The design of reliable controllers for wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) requires a dynamic model and accurate parameters of the wind generator. In this paper, a dynamic model and the parameter measurement and control of a direct-drive variable-speed WECS with a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) are presented. An experimental method is developed for measuring the key parameters of the PMSG. The measured parameters are used in the design of the controllers. The generator-side converter is controlled using a vector control scheme that maximizes the power extraction under varying wind speeds. A model predictive controller (MPC) is designed for the grid-side voltage source converter (VSC) to regulate the active and reactive power flows to the power grid by controlling the d-and q-axis currents in the synchronous reference frame. The MPC predicts the future values of the control variables and takes control actions based on the minimum value of the cost functions. To comply with the grid code requirement, a modified design approach for an LCL filter is presented and incorporated into the system. The design process is simple and incorporates significant filter parameters while avoiding iterative calculations. The comparative analysis of the designed filter with conventional L, LC, and iterative LCL filters demonstrates the effectiveness of the modified design approach. The proposed wind energy system with MPC and LCL filter is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and experimentally implemented in the laboratory using the dSpace digital signal processor (DSP) system. The simulation and experimental results validate the efficacy of the designed controllers using the measured parameters and show dynamic and steady-state performance under varying wind speeds. Index Terms--Wind energy, permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), parameter measurement, model predictive controller (MPC), LCL filter.

Fractional-order Sliding Mode Control of Hybrid Drive Wind Turbine for Improving Low-voltage Ride-through Capacity

“…The design of the FOSMC comprises the design of the sliding surface and switching control law. According to (7), (8), and (10), the tracking error vector e(t) can be set as: (17) Then, the sliding surface function s(t) can be expressed as [34]- [36]: (18) where C =[c 1 c 2 c 3 ] and K =[k 1 k 2 k 3 ] are the constant vectors. The derivative of ( 18) is then given by: (20) To ensure that the system can quickly approach the sliding mode, the exponential approach law is selected for FOSMC:…”

“…To maximize the energy capture capacity and reduce the impact of wind power fluctuations on the grid, most wind farms produce electricity using the variable-speed constantfrequency strategy through doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) or direct drive synchronous generators (DDSGs) [7], [8]. In addition, efficient equipment including static synchronous compensators [9], dynamic voltage restorers [10], and energy storage systems [11], [12] endowed with advanced control schemes is used to enhance the dynamic performance and LVRT capacity.…”

“…In addition, efficient equipment including static synchronous compensators [9], dynamic voltage restorers [10], and energy storage systems [11], [12] endowed with advanced control schemes is used to enhance the dynamic performance and LVRT capacity. However, wind turbines (WTs) based on the DFIG or DDSG require partially or fully rated converters to ensure that the output current frequency is consistent with the power grid frequency [7], [8]. Coupled with auxiliary devices, the energy dissipation, investment and maintenance costs, and control complexity of existing WTs increase, especially during LVRT operation [13].…”

Design, analysis, and adaptive maximum power point tracking control of small‐scale wind turbine system

“… ( ) is the armature resistance at temperature (25°C). In general, the machine temperature varies in the range of 45°C to 75°C 28 . It is considered that the temperature is 60°C (the average of 45°C and 75°C).…”

Integration of field-oriented and steady-state linear Kalman filter control in PMSG-based grid-connected system for improving voltage control and power balance operation

“…The design approach is simple and incorporates crucial filter parameters without repeating computations. Comparing the improved filter design to traditional L, LC, and iterative LCL filters shows its efficacy [19]. A "six-port converter," as proposed, has nine semiconductor switches.…”