Modeling Pathogen Dispersal in Marine Fish and Shellfish

Abstract

An error in the sentence 'In contrast, the fastest documented spread of wildlife diseases in a terrestrial setting are diseases in Australian rabbits, which spread at a rate of about 1000 km year -1 , an order of magnitude slower than in marine environments [4].' has been corrected as follows:'In contrast, the fastest documented spread of wildlife diseases in a terrestrial setting are diseases in Australian rabbits, which spread at a rate below 5000 km year -1 , much slower than in marine environments [4].'

Lack of evidence for differences in the spread of classic (Lagovirus europaeus/GI.1) and novel (Lagovirus europaeus/GI.2) rabbit haemorrhagic disease viruses in Europe and North Africa

“…5 Some terrestrial pathogens, mainly viruses, seem to spread rapidly. 6 Lagomorphs host several fast-spreading terrestrial pathogens, such as the rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) or the myxoma virus. 4 The outbreaks of the myxoma virus in the 1950s and the RHDV in the 1980s-1990s caused severe rabbit population declines altering the equilibrium of the Iberian Mediterranean ecosystem.…”

Classification of pathogens by Raman spectroscopy combined with generative adversarial networks

“…The role of bacteria in the ocean cannot be ignored, including some potential bacteria (Zhang et al, 2020), which can have a positive impact on the environment (Zheng et al, 2018), but marine pathogenic bacteria not only have an negative impact on the ecological environment but also play an important role in the health of aquatic organisms. However, studies on identification methods for marine pathogens are very rare (Cantrell et al, 2020). The identification of pathogens by traditional methods is mainly based on the morphological and physiological characteristics and biochemical reactions of colonies (Chun et al, 2019).…”

Transmissible cancers in mammals and bivalves: How many examples are there?

“…A key difference between the terrestrial and marine ecosystem that facilitates the existence of these novel life forms, is that transmission is enabled in the latter because cancerous cells are released in the environment and are dispersed by oceanic currents. [ 22 ] This mode of transmission allows for infection over relatively long distances (as observed and modelled for other marine pathogens [ 45,46 ] ) and the cancer cells are known to be able to survive typical estuarine conditions for at least two days with a relatively low mortality. [ 47 ] It is also possible that the dispersal of infected individuals, for example mussels, colonising drifting debris [ 48 ] allows for the dispersal of transmissible cancers in distant bivalve populations (but also more recently by boats as suggested by Yonemitsu et al.…”