Modeling Precipitation Kinetics During Heat Treatment with Calphad-Based Tools

Chen, Qing; Wu, Kaisheng; Sterner, Gustaf; Mason, Paul

doi:10.1007/s11665-014-1255-6

Cited by 66 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The bimodal PSD in Figure 7 was also observed to be plausible by Chen et al [24] after modelling precipitation in a Fe-Cr-C alloying system during an isothermal annealing. Chen et al claimed that the bimodal distribution was the result of the slower growth rate in smaller particles and remarkably the faster growth rate of larger ones due to different dominant size-dependent growth mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Study of the mean size and fraction of the second-phase particles in a 13% chromium steel at high temperature

Safara

Golpayegani

Engberg

et al. 2019

Philosophical Magazine

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The mean size and fraction of the second-phase particles in a 13% chromium steel are investigated, while no plastic deformation was applied. The results of the measurement are compared with the modelling results from a physicallybased model. The heating sequence is performed on samples using a Gleeble thermo-mechanical simulator over the temperature range of 850-1200°C. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), the size distribution and composition of the carbides were evaluated, respectively. For obtaining particle size distribution (PSD), an image-processing software was employed to analyse the SEM images. Additionally, the relation between the 2D shape factor and size of the particles is also studied at different temperatures and most of the particles turned out to have a shape factor close to two. In order to measure the carbide weight fraction, electrochemical phase isolation was employed. The Ms and fraction of the martensite phase after quenching of samples are calculated and the results were comparable with the measured hardness values at corresponding temperatures. The measured hardness of the samples is found to comply very well with the measured mean size of the precipitates. The calculated mean size of the particles from the model shows very good agreement with both hardness value and experimentally measured mean size, while the calculated volume fraction from simulation follows a slightly different trend. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Study of the mean size and fraction of the second-phase particles in a 13% chromium steel at high temperature

Safara

Golpayegani

Engberg

et al. 2019

Philosophical Magazine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Particularly, computational thermodynamics modeling enables a direct correlation between microstructure, processing, chemistry, crystallography, kinetics and material thermodynamics. To elucidate the observed precipitation kinetics in the current experiment, we have modeled the precipitation kinetics using TC-PRISMA precipitation software code [43–45]. TC-PRISMA applies Langer-Schwartz theory [46] and Kampann-Wagner numerical analysis [47, 48] to simulate the nucleation and growth of precipitates in multicomponent and multiphase alloy systems., where the time-dependent evolution of the particle size and volume fraction over the entire course of precipitation are predicted by solving a set of rate equations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ structural characterization of ageing kinetics in aluminum alloy 2024 across angstrom-to-micrometer length scales

et al. 2016

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The precipitate structure and precipitation kinetics in an Al-Cu-Mg alloy (AA2024) aged at 190 °C, 208 °C, and 226 °C have been studied using ex situ Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and in situ synchrotron-based, combined ultra-small angle X-ray scattering, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) across a length scale from sub-Angstrom to several micrometers. TEM brings information concerning the nature, morphology, and size of the precipitates while SAXS and WAXS provide qualitative and quantitative information concerning the time-dependent size and volume fraction evolution of the precipitates at different stages of the precipitation sequence. Within the experimental time resolution, precipitation at these ageing temperatures involves dissolution of nanometer-sized small clusters and formation of the planar S phase precipitates. Using a three-parameter scattering model constructed on the basis of TEM results, we established the temperature-dependent kinetics for the cluster-dissolution and S-phase formation processes simultaneously. These two processes are shown to have different kinetic rates, with the cluster-dissolution rate approximately double the S-phase formation rate. We identified a dissolution activation energy at (149.5 ± 14.6) kJ mol−1, which translates to (1.55 ± 0.15) eV/atom, as well as an activation energy for the formation of S precipitates at (129.2 ± 5.4) kJ mol−1, i.e. (1.33 ± 0.06) eV/atom. Importantly, the SAXS/WAXS results show the absence of an intermediate Guinier-Preston Bagaryatsky 2 (GPB2)/S″ phase in the samples under the experimental ageing conditions. These results are further validated by precipitation simulations that are based on Langer-Schwartz theory and a Kampmann-Wagner numerical method.

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“…TC-PRISMA. 24) This is based on the Langer-Schwartz theory that adopts the Kampmann-Wagner numerical method for concurrent nucleation, growth and coarsening of precipitate phases. 25,26) The vital parameters that are needed for the simulation include the mobilities, interfacial energies and driving forces.…”

Section: Nucleationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitization and Self-healing in Austenitic Stainless Steel: Quantitative Prediction Considering Carbide Nucleation and Growth

et al. 2019

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Modeling Precipitation Kinetics During Heat Treatment with Calphad-Based Tools

Cited by 66 publications

References 13 publications

Study of the mean size and fraction of the second-phase particles in a 13% chromium steel at high temperature

Study of the mean size and fraction of the second-phase particles in a 13% chromium steel at high temperature

In situ structural characterization of ageing kinetics in aluminum alloy 2024 across angstrom-to-micrometer length scales

Sensitization and Self-healing in Austenitic Stainless Steel: Quantitative Prediction Considering Carbide Nucleation and Growth

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