Modeling stormwater runoff from green roofs with HYDRUS-1D

Hilten, Roger N.; Lawrence, Thomas; Tollner, E. W.

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.06.010

Cited by 230 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In literature, few studies investigated how the characteristics of the soil moisture affect the water retention capacity of the green roof [8,22,26]. The moisture content significantly influence the retention volume and in particular, when the substrate is close to saturation at the beginning of the rain event, only a small portion of water is absorbed [27,28].…”

Section: Factors Influencing the Hydrological-hydraulic Behavior Of Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Hydrologic Parameters on the Hydraulic Efficiency of an Extensive Green Roof in Mediterranean Area

Garofalo

Palermo

Principato

et al. 2016

Water

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Abstract:In an urban environment, green roofs represent a sustainable solution for mitigating stormwater volumes and hydrograph peaks. So far, many literature studies have investigated the hydraulic efficiency and the subsurface runoff coefficient of green roofs, showing their strong variability according to several factors, including the characteristics of storm events. Furthermore, only few studies have focused on the hydraulic efficiency of green roofs under Mediterranean climate conditions and defined the influencing hydrological parameters on the subsurface runoff coefficient. Nevertheless, for designing purposes, it is crucial to properly assess the subsurface runoff coefficient of a given green roof under specific climate conditions and its influencing factors. This study intends to, firstly, evaluate the subsurface runoff coefficient at daily and event-time scales for a given green roof, through a conceptual model implemented in SWMM. The model was loaded with both daily and 1-min rainfall data from two Mediterranean climate sites, one in Thessaloniki, Greece and one in Cosenza, Italy, respectively. Then, the most influencing hydrological parameters were examined through a statistical regression analysis. The findings show that the daily subsurface runoff coefficient is 0.70 for both sites, while the event-based one is 0.79 with a standard deviation of 0.23 for the site in Cosenza, Italy. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the influencing parameters are the rainfall intensity and antecedent dry weather period with a confidence level of 95%. This study demonstrated that, due to the high variability of the subsurface runoff coefficient, the use of a unique value for design purposes is inappropriate and that a preliminary estimation could be obtained as a function of the total rainfall depth and the antecedent dry weather period by using the validated multi-regression relationship which is site specific.

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Section: Factors Influencing the Hydrological-hydraulic Behavior Of Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few literature studies have developed models which accurately predict the hydraulic efficiency of green roofs [2,13,26]. In this study the conceptual model developed by for the green roof described in the previous section was used [2].…”

Section: Conceptual Model For the Hydraulic Design Of A Green Roofmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Hydrologic Parameters on the Hydraulic Efficiency of an Extensive Green Roof in Mediterranean Area

Garofalo

Palermo

Principato

et al. 2016

Water

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“…For example, the HYDRUS software suite (Šimů nek et al, 2008) has been widely used in the literature for the description of the hydraulic behavior of green roofs (Hilten et al, 2008;Li and Babcock, 2015;Newcomer et al, 2014;Palla et al, 2009), with excellent agreement between numerical simulations and experimental data. Newcomer et al (2014) investigated the effects of LIDs on recharge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calibrated model was then used to simulate the behavior of LIDs for future precipitation scenarios. Hilten et al (2008) used HYDRUS-1D to study the effectiveness of green roofs in mitigating stormwater. Simulations were run using HYDRUS-1D for a 24-h design storm to determine peak flow, retention, and detention time for runoff.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive numerical analysis of the hydraulic behavior of a permeable pavement

Brunetti

Šimůnek

Piro

2016

Journal of Hydrology

120

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a b s t r a c tThe increasing frequency of flooding events in urban catchments related to an increase in impervious surfaces highlights the inadequacy of traditional urban drainage systems. Low Impact Development (LID) techniques have proven to be a viable and effective alternative by reducing stormwater runoff and increasing the infiltration and evapotranspiration capacity of urban areas. However, the lack of adequate modeling tools represents a barrier in designing and constructing such systems. This paper investigates the suitability of a mechanistic model, HYDRUS-1D, to correctly describe the hydraulic behavior of permeable pavement installed at the University of Calabria. Two different scenarios of describing the hydraulic behavior of the permeable pavement system were analyzed: the first one uses a singleporosity model for all layers of the permeable pavement; the second one uses a dual-porosity model for the base and sub-base layers. Measured and modeled month-long hydrographs were compared using the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) index. A Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) followed by a Monte Carlo filtering highlighted the influence of the wear layer on the hydraulic behavior of the pavement and identified the ranges of parameters generating behavioral solutions. Reduced ranges were then used in the calibration procedure conducted with the metaheuristic Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for the estimation of hydraulic parameters. The best fit value for the first scenario was NSE = 0.43; for the second scenario, it was NSE = 0.81, indicating that the dual-porosity approach is more appropriate for describing the variably-saturated flow in the base and sub-base layers. Estimated parameters were validated using an independent, month-long set of measurements, resulting in NSE values of 0.43 and 0.86 for the first and second scenarios, respectively. The improvement in correspondence between measured and modeled hydrographs confirmed the reliability of the combination of GSA and PSO in dealing with highly dimensional optimization problems. Obtained results have demonstrated that PSO, due to its easiness of implementation and effectiveness, can represent a new and viable alternative to traditional optimization algorithms for the inverse estimation of unsaturated hydraulic properties. Finally, the results confirmed the suitability and the accuracy of HYDRUS-1D in correctly describing the hydraulic behavior of permeable pavements.

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“…Rainwater harvesting systems (RWHS) use a rain barrel (or cistern) to collect rainwater from the roofs of buildings that can be used for gardening, flushing toilets, car washing, and even potable demand, as well as for reducing storm water runoff [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The concept of RWHS is simple, but measuring rain barrel performance is a challenge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability Index Evaluation of the Rainwater Harvesting System in Six US Urban Cities

Park

2018

Sustainability

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This study investigated the sustainability of the rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) by analyzing six urban city sites with different rainfall statistics in the United States. We developed a new RWHS performance model by modifying a spreadsheet-based storage, treatment, and overflow runoff model (SS STORM) and verified its performance by comparing with another analytical RWHS model. The sustainability index (SI) evaluation method was used for a reservoir system and applied to the RWHS, employing modified resilience and vulnerability evaluation methods due to the different characteristics of a reservoir and the RWHS. The performance of modified SS STORM is very similar to that of the analytical method, except in Los Angeles, which is characterized by long inter-event times and low rainfall event depths due to low annual rainfall. The sustainability indices were successfully evaluated depending on both RWHS size and water demand and vary over a wide range as annual rainfall increases. This study proposes a new RWHS performance model and sustainability index evaluation method. Further study should confirm the proposed approach in regions with widely different rainfall characteristics.

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Modeling stormwater runoff from green roofs with HYDRUS-1D

Cited by 230 publications

References 6 publications

The Influence of Hydrologic Parameters on the Hydraulic Efficiency of an Extensive Green Roof in Mediterranean Area

The Influence of Hydrologic Parameters on the Hydraulic Efficiency of an Extensive Green Roof in Mediterranean Area

A comprehensive numerical analysis of the hydraulic behavior of a permeable pavement

Sustainability Index Evaluation of the Rainwater Harvesting System in Six US Urban Cities

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