Modeling study of regional severe hazes over mid-eastern China in January 2013 and its implications on pollution prevention and control

Wang, Zifa; Li, Jie; Wang, Zhe; Yang, Weihong; Tang, Xiao; Ge, Baozhu; Yan, PinZhong; Zhu, Lili; Chen, XueShun; Chen, Huansheng; Wand, Wei; Li, Jianjun; Liu, Bing; Wang, Xiaoyan; Zhao, Yao; Liu, Ning; Su, Debin

doi:10.1007/s11430-013-4793-0

Cited by 282 publications

(136 citation statements)

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“…Emissions of SO 2 , NO x , and PM 2.5 were stable during 2011-2013 (derived from the MEIC model), indicating that emissions are not the critical driving force. The anomalous meteorological conditions (low temperature, high RH, and low wind speed) in January 2013 are identified as the key influence factor of haze formation by affecting radiation, horizontal transport, vertical mixing, and the atmospheric reaction rates of air pollutants (Ding and Liu, 2014;Wang et al, 2014d). As described in Sect.…”

Section: Impact Of Meteorology In 2013 On Sna Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous chemistry: a mechanism missing in current models to explain secondary inorganic aerosol formation during the January 2013 haze episode in North China

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Severe regional haze pollution events occurred in eastern and central China in January 2013, which had adverse effects on the environment and public health. Extremely high levels of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 µm or less (PM 2.5 ) with dominant components of sulfate and nitrate are responsible for the haze pollution. Although heterogeneous chemistry is thought to play an important role in the production of sulfate and nitrate during haze episodes, few studies have comprehensively evaluated the effect of heterogeneous chemistry on haze formation in China by using the 3-D models due to of a lack of treatments for heterogeneous reactions in most climate and chemical transport models. In this work, the WRF-CMAQ model with newly added heterogeneous reactions is applied to East Asia to evaluate the impacts of heterogeneous chemistry and the meteorological anomaly during January 2013 on regional haze formation. As the parameterization of heterogeneous reactions on different types of particles is not well established yet, we arbitrarily selected the uptake coefficients from reactions on dust particles and then conducted several sensitivity runs to find the value that can best match observations. The revised CMAQ with heterogeneous chemistry not only captures the magnitude and temporal variation of sulfate and nitrate, but also reproduces the enhancement of relative contribution of sulfate and nitrate to PM 2.5 mass from clean days to polluted haze days. These results indicate the significant role of heterogeneous chemistry in regional haze formation and improve the understanding of the haze formation mechanisms during the January 2013 episode.

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Section: Impact Of Meteorology In 2013 On Sna Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous chemistry: a mechanism missing in current models to explain secondary inorganic aerosol formation during the January 2013 haze episode in North China

et al. 2015

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“…However, current air quality models often fail to accurately predict extreme haze episodes (Wang et al, 2014b;Zheng et al, 2015a;Wang et al, 2014a;Wang et al, 2014c). One reason is the incomplete understanding of the formation mechanisms of haze pollution.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertically-resolved Characteristics of Air Pollution during Two Severe Winter Haze Episodes in Urban Beijing, China

Wang¹,

Sun²,

Xu³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. We conducted the first real-time continuous vertical measurements of particle extinction (b ext ), gaseous NO 2 , and black carbon (BC) from ground level to 260 m during two severe winter haze episodes at an urban site in Beijing, China. Our results illustrated four distinct types of vertical profiles: 1) uniform vertical distributions (37% of the time) with vertical differences less than 5%; 2) higher values at lower altitudes (29%); 3) higher values at higher altitudes (16%), and 4) 15 significant decreases at the heights of ~100 -150 m (14%). Further analysis demonstrated that vertical convection as indicated by mixing layer height, temperature inversion, and local emissions are three major factors affecting the changes in vertical profiles. Particularly, the formation of Type 4 was strongly associated with the stratified layer that was formed due to the interactions of different air masses and temperature inversions. Aerosol composition was substantially different below and above the transition heights with ~20 -30% higher contributions of local sources (e.g., biomass burning and cooking) at 20 lower altitudes. A more detailed evolution of vertical profiles and their relationship with the changes in source emissions, mixing layer height, and aerosol chemistry was illustrated by a case study. BC showed overall similar vertical profiles as those of b ext (R 2 = 0.92 and 0.69 in November and January, respectively). While NO 2 was correlated with b ext for most of the time, the vertical profiles of b ext /NO 2 varied differently for different profiles, indicating the impact of chemical transformation on vertical profiles. Our results also showed that more comprehensive vertical measurements (e.g., more 25 aerosol and gaseous species) at higher altitudes in the megacities are needed for a better understanding of the formation mechanisms and evolution of severe haze episodes in China.

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“…The regional atmospheric transport influenced the distribution of the PM 2.5 concentration in January 2013 over Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, which is demonstrated by the results of numerical simulation (Wang Z F et al, 2014). In typical cities (e.g., Beijing, Tianjin, Qinhuangdao, and Cangzhou), the contributions of the PM 2.5 concentration from the cross-border transport outside Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the intra-regional transport are equivalent to the contribution from the local pollution sources.…”

Section: Impact Of Meteorological Conditions On the Haze And Fog Eventmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The air flow can result in the transportation of pollutants among different regions, and it plays a crucial role in the distribution of pollutants. For example, the results of numerical simulation on the fog and haze event in January 2013 (Wang Z F et al, 2014) show that the inter-regional transport of haze is a main factor affecting regional haze pollution, indicating the importance of inter-regional cooperation in air pollution control and prevention. Therefore, choosing cooperation regions according to the actual meteorological conditions is effective measures to reduce haze effects and to avoid the excessive and blind control.…”

Section: Strategies In Addressing the Haze And Fog Event From Meteoromentioning

confidence: 99%

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Addressing the issue of fog and haze: A promising perspective from meteorological science and technology

Zhang

2014

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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Modeling study of regional severe hazes over mid-eastern China in January 2013 and its implications on pollution prevention and control

Cited by 282 publications

References 13 publications

Heterogeneous chemistry: a mechanism missing in current models to explain secondary inorganic aerosol formation during the January 2013 haze episode in North China

Heterogeneous chemistry: a mechanism missing in current models to explain secondary inorganic aerosol formation during the January 2013 haze episode in North China

Vertically-resolved Characteristics of Air Pollution during Two Severe Winter Haze Episodes in Urban Beijing, China

Addressing the issue of fog and haze: A promising perspective from meteorological science and technology

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