Modeling temporal variability of soil CO2 emissions from an apple orchard in the Harran Plain of southeastern Turkey

Abstract

IntroductionIncreased emission of greenhouse gases such as CO 2 , methane (CH 4 ), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) to the atmosphere is closely associated with land use change, the use of fossil fuels, forest fires, emissions from automobiles, agricultural production, and other anthropogenic activities (Sauerbeck, 2001). The CO 2 concentration of the atmosphere has changed significantly since the Industrial Revolution, increasing from 280 ppm to 390 ppm (August 2011 Mauna Loa Station, NOAA; http://co2now.org/ Current-CO2/CO2-Now/noaa-mauna-loa-co2-data. html), and it may double by the end of the 21st century if greenhouse gases continue being emitted (Lal, 2003). Soils contribute about 20% of the total CO 2 released to the atmosphere (Sauerbeck, 2001). Better management of soil organic carbon can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase soil fertility (Sauerbeck, 2001).Monitoring CO 2 fluxes from soils can reveal important information about microbial activity, plant root respiration, soil-atmosphere interactions, soil energy and carbon budgets, and plant production, allowing us to better understand trends and find ways to mitigate emissions (Lal, 2003). The amounts of CO 2 released from the soil to the atmosphere varies greatly based on different land use types, agricultural activities, soil characteristics, and climate (Smith et al., 2000), and it generally ranges from 0.1 to 6 g CO 2 m -2 h -1 for agricultural soils (Sauerbeck 2001). Extensive research documents how temporal and spatial variations in CO 2 emissions are controlled by soil temperature (Almaraz et al., 2009), soil water content (La Scala et al., 2006), soil organic matter content and substrate quality (Frank et al., 2006), and interaction between significant properties (Pangle and Seiler, 2002). These variables impact the activity of roots and

Tillage Practices and Liming: Comparative Study of Soil Properties and Forage Corn Production

“…Soil CO 2 emission with soil temperature (r = 0.76 to 0.95) and moisture (r = −0.46 to −0.73) were highly correlated on the 3rd, 6th, and 14th CO 2 sampling days (Figure 2a,b), which were analogous to the data obtained by Bilgili et al [50]. On the contrary, those correlations only on the 21st day were negative and positive, respectively (Figure 2a,b), due to a higher decrease in soil moisture than the soil temperature (Figure 1b,c) and possibly due to cultural practices such as weed control that could alter the CO 2 emitted amount [23,47,49].…”

Trees modify the dynamics of soil CO2 efflux in coffee agroforestry systems

“…4). Soil temperature affects microbiota activity and root respiration (Atkin et al, 2000;Schindlbacher et al, 2011) and long-term studies (1 year or more) have reported higher soil CO 2 efflux in summer, when temperatures are higher (Bilgili et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2011;Olajuyigbe et al, 2012;Thomazini et al, 2015). Together with soil temperature, soil moisture has the greatest influence on soil CO 2 efflux (Fang and Moncrieff, 2001;Fenn et al, 2010).…”

Genetic Polymorphisms of Cyp19 and Myostatin Genes in Turkish Indigenous Sheep Breeds

“…The climatic and seasonal conditions of Turkey differ from the ones in Europe. Especially, three breeds in this study Kıvırcık, Zom and Morkaraman are raised mainly in central and south-eastern parts of Turkey, where the climate is semi-arid (Bilgili et al, 2013). We may suggest a relationship between Cyp19 G/C polymorphism and the geographical origin of sheep breeds.…”