Modeling the burden of poultry disease on the rural poor in Madagascar

Rist, Cassidy; Ngonghala, Calistus N.; Garchitorena, Andrés; Brook, Cara E.; Ramananjato, Ranto; Miller, Ann C.; Randrianarivelojosia, Milijaona; Wright, Patricia C.; Gillespie, Thomas R.; Bonds, Matthew H.

doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2015.10.002

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A study in Madagascar estimated that the burden of diseases among poultry exacerbated the economic impacts on poor households, leading to a 10-15% monthly income loss. 43 Although this could suggest wealth as a causal intermediate between livestock and child health, in our study, wealth was an asset-based index that did not incorporate livestock. Also, if this were true, however, we should have observed a similar relationship for stunting and diarrhea given that they have both been shown to have positive associations with poverty.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Livestock Ownership Among Rural Households and Child Morbidity and Mortality: An Analysis of Demographic Health Survey Data from 30 Sub-Saharan African Countries (2005–2015)

Kaur¹,

Graham²,

Eisenberg³

2017

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Children living in homes with livestock may have both an increased risk of enteric infections and improved access to food, and therefore improved nutritional status. Few studies, however, have characterized these relationships in tandem. This study investigated the association between child health and household ownership of livestock. A cross-sectional study was performed using data from Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 30 sub-Saharan African countries with 215,971 rural children under 5 years of age from 2005 to 2015. Logistic regression was performed for each country to estimate the relationship between a log increase in the number of livestock owned by the household and three child-health outcomes: 2-week prevalence of diarrhea, stunting, and all-cause mortality. Results for each country were combined using meta-analyses. Most countries (22 of 30) displayed an odds ratio (OR) less than 1 for child stunting associated with livestock (pooled OR = 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.95, 0.99). The results for diarrhea were more even with 14 countries displaying ORs greater than 1 and 10 displaying ORs less than 1. Most countries (22 of 30) displayed an OR greater than 1 for child mortality (pooled OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.06). All meta-analyses displayed significant heterogeneity by country. Our analysis is consistent with the theory that livestock may have a dual role as protective against stunting, an indicator of chronic malnutrition, and a risk factor for all-cause mortality in children, which may be linked to acute infections. The heterogeneity by country, however, indicates more data are needed on specific household livestock management practices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Livestock Ownership Among Rural Households and Child Morbidity and Mortality: An Analysis of Demographic Health Survey Data from 30 Sub-Saharan African Countries (2005–2015)

Kaur¹,

Graham²,

Eisenberg³

2017

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Improvements in poultry health may serve to improve human health and food availability, and also support income generation 1 . Avian leukosis/sarcoma viruses, which belong to Alpharetrovirus genus of family Retroviridae , cause neoplastic diseases and decrease reproductive performance in the poultry industry worldwide 2 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated host and viral transcriptome analyses reveal pathology and inflammatory response mechanisms to ALV-J injection in SPF chickens

Lan

Wang

Tian

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is detrimental to poultry health and causes substantial economic losses from mortality and decreased performance. Because tumorigenesis is a complex mechanism, the regulatory architecture of the immune system is likely to include the added dimensions of modulation by miRNAs and long-noncoding RNA (lncRNA). To characterize the response to ALV challenge, we developed a novel methodology that combines four datasets: mRNA expression and the associated regulatory factors of miRNA and lncRNA, and ALV gene expression. Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) layer chickens were infected with ALV-J or maintained as non-injected controls. Spleen samples were collected at 40 days post injection (dpi), and sequenced. There were 864 genes, 7 miRNAs and 17 lncRNAs differentially expressed between infected and non-infected birds. The combined analysis of the 4 RNA expression datasets revealed that ALV infection is detected by pattern-recognition receptors (TLR9 and TLR3) leading to a type-I IFN mediated innate immune response that is modulated by IRF7 and IRF1. Co-expression network analysis of mRNA with miRNA, lncRNA and virus genes identified key elements within the complex networks utilized during ALV response. The integration of information from the host transcriptomic, epigenetic and virus response also has the potential to provide deeper insights into other host-pathogen interactions.

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“…There is a dearth of study to measure the impact of livestock ailment on livelihood and health including human values of rural poor. Poultry health plays a key role in poverty reduction, and development strategies need to incorporate human health as one of the components (Rist et al, 2015). Livestock health programs have to strategize these systems through holistic approach so as to complement public/private livestock service.…”

Section: Methods Of Scaling-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Livestock Service through Knowledge of Society: Mainstreaming Contribution of Women Knowledge Holders

Ravikumar¹,

Dutta²,

Bera³

et al. 2016

IJBSM

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Sustaining farm income through effective, economical, and environment friendly technologies are imminent particularly in tropical countries. Enhanced expectation of people's aspiration, gap between haves and have-nots, and food security have been a challenge for public/private institutions to address. This gap can be bridged through indigenous knowledge system sustained by creative communities with resilience. However, successful intervention programs of engaging knowledge holders beyond documentation are limited. National Innovation Foundation, India has embarked upon larger research program in West Bengal (India). The primary objective was to generate meaningful evidence for promoting quality livestock health care through women knowledge holders. This is based on the Honey Bee Network philosophy that insists necessity to understand and imbibe values inherited by individual and/or community of knowledge system. The study highlights social capital gained by women knowledge holders which will form key determinant towards optimum utilization of these technologies. A model of incorporating indigenous veterinary medicine for benefit of farming community is illustrated. There is a need of supporting and reorienting veterinary service by public system to utilize and scale-up knowledge of society. Thus the study brings forth contribution of women knowledge holders within their social fabric. The paper articulates significance of social behaviour by conducting network meeting and an approach to engage hitherto less recognized technological alternatives for improvising quality livestock service.

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Modeling the burden of poultry disease on the rural poor in Madagascar

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Livestock Ownership Among Rural Households and Child Morbidity and Mortality: An Analysis of Demographic Health Survey Data from 30 Sub-Saharan African Countries (2005–2015)

Livestock Ownership Among Rural Households and Child Morbidity and Mortality: An Analysis of Demographic Health Survey Data from 30 Sub-Saharan African Countries (2005–2015)

Integrated host and viral transcriptome analyses reveal pathology and inflammatory response mechanisms to ALV-J injection in SPF chickens

Livestock Service through Knowledge of Society: Mainstreaming Contribution of Women Knowledge Holders

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