Modeling the concentrations of gas-phase toxic organic air pollutants: direct emissions and atmospheric formation

Harley, Robert A.; Cass, Glen R.

doi:10.1021/es00050a013

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The host CIT air quality model has evolved over the years and used in air quality studies for the SoCAB region in the past [ Harley et al , 1993; Harley and Cass , 1994, 1995; Meng et al , 1998; Fraser et al , 2000; Carreras‐Sospedra et al , 2005]. The Eulerian CIT model solves governing equations for gas‐phase and aerosol‐phase species by incorporating detailed mechanisms for advective transport, dry deposition and vertical mixing.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and analysis of secondary organic aerosol dynamics in the South Coast Air Basin of California

2006

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[1] The dynamics of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation are analyzed using a species-resolved SOA model for the South Coast Air Basin of California (SoCAB). Updated versions of the Caltech Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism (CACM) and the Model to Predict the Multiphase Partitioning of Organics (MPMPO) are integrated with the CIT airshed model. The simulations are performed using input data from the 8-9 September 1993 episode. Results show that urban areas with major volatile organic compound (VOC) emission sites experience peaks in SOA levels during morning hours. Downwind locations, such as Azusa and Claremont, experience sustained levels of high SOA concentrations in comparison with coastal areas such as central Los Angeles and Long Beach. Concentrations of condensible organics are higher in inland locations compared to those in coastal locations because of high oxidation capacity and transport of pollutants. Furthermore, SOA constitutes up to 30% of simulated organic particulate matter at inland locations, with maximum contributions occurring during afternoon hours. Anthropogenic sources contribute over 90% of simulated SOA at most locations in the basin. Oxidation products of aromatic compounds from anthropogenic sources constitute over 70% of total simulated SOA. Sensitivity runs indicate strong dependence of SOA on VOC emissions and temperature. Overall, model predictions are in qualitative agreement with recent observations in the SoCAB.

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Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and analysis of secondary organic aerosol dynamics in the South Coast Air Basin of California

2006

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“…With regards to VOC, the issue of greatest environmental interest is their potential role in the formation of photooxidants such as ozone (Harley and Cass 1994). Ozone is regarded as an atmospheric pollutant since it is a strong oxidant and is believed to have caused widespread damage to forests in Europe and North America.…”

Section: Volatile Organic Compounds Released During Dryingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Harley and Cass (1994) indicated that some toxic compounds found in ambient air were formed in the atmosphere as oxidation products of other volatile organic compounds. For example, terpenes have been found to react rapidly with ozone or hydroxyl or nitrate radicals to yield different organic compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of air emissions from industrial kiln drying of Pinus radiata wood

McDonald¹,

Dare²,

Gifford³

et al. 2002

Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff

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The nature and mass flows of atmospheric emissions from an industrial kiln, drying radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) at 100°C dry bulb and 70°C wet bulb, were assessed by measuring the concentration of chemical components in the kiln atmosphere at regular time intervals and determining air-flows and temperature differentials across the stack. The volatile organic compounds (VOC) were trapped on activated carbon and analyzed by GC-MS. The aldehydes were trapped in 2,4-dinitrophenol-hydrazine solution and the aldehyde derivatives analysed by HPLC. Polar compounds were trapped in water and then alcohols were analysed by GC and organic acids by ion exchange chromatography. The two major VOC found were a-pinene and b-pinene, which made up 90% of the total discharge (405 g/m 3 wood). Most of the VOC fraction was released during the early stages of drying. The release of potentially hazardous components (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, furfural) was found to be relatively low (1.1, 8.7, and 0.1 g/m 3 wood, respectively) provided the kiln emissions are well dispersed, these levels of release are unlikely to cause adverse environmental effects. Abschätzen der Luftemissionen beim industriellen Trocknen von KiefernholzArt und Menge der gasförmigen Emissionen während des industriellen Trocknens von Kiefernholz (P. radiata D. Don) wurden abgeschätzt. Die Trockentemperatur betrug 100°C, die Feuchttemperatur 70°C. Chemische Komponenten in der Ofenluft wurden in regelmäßigen Zeitintervallen gemessen sowie die Luftbewegungen und Temperaturdifferenzen innerhalb des Holzstapels bestimmt. Die flüchtigen organischen Bestandteile (VOC) wurden an Aktivkohle adsorbiert und mittels GC-MS analysiert. Aldehyde wurden in Lösungen von 2,4-Dinitrohydrazin aufgefangen und die entsprechenden Aldehydderivate mittels HPLC analysiert. Polare Komponenten wurden in Wasser absorbiert, wonach die Alkohole mittels GC und die organischen Säuren mit Ionenaustauschern aufgetrennt wurden. Die Hauptkomponenten der VOC waren Alpha-und Beta-Pinen, die zusammen 90% des Massenverlustes (405 g/m 3 Holz) ausmachten. Die Hauptmenge wurde im frühen Trockungsstadium freigesetzt. Die Freisetzung von eventuell schädlichen Komponenten war relativ gering (Formaldehyd 1,1 g/m 3 , Acetaldehyd 8,7 g/m 3 und Furfural 0,1 g/m 3 ). Wenn die Ofenabluft gut verdünnt ist, sollten diese Mengen kaum Umweltschäden verursachen.

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“…Acr is present in automobile exhaust at concentrations as high as 30 μg/l [5]. Combustion of alternative fuels containing alcohol or ether produces even more aldehydes than conventional fuel [6]. Cigarette smoke is another important source of Acr with concentrations up to 300 μg/l in mainstream smoke [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of the acrolein-derived cyclic DNA adduct by a quantitative 32P-postlabeling/solid-phase extraction/HPLC method: Blocking its artifact formation with glutathione

Emami

Dyba

Cheema

et al. 2008

Analytical Biochemistry

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Acrolein (Acr), a hazardous air pollutant, reacts readily with deoxyguanosine (dG) in DNA to produce cyclic 1,N 2 -propanodeoxyguanosine adducts (Acr-dG). Studies show that these adducts are detected in vivo and may play a role in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. In the present study, we developed a quantitative 32 P-postlabeling/solid phase extraction/HPLC method by optimizing the solid phase extraction and the 32 P-postlabeling conditions for analysis of Acr-dG in DNA samples with a detection limit of 0.1 fmole. Using this assay, we found Acr-dG can be formed as an artifact during the assay. We obtained evidence from mass spectrometry showing that Acr in water used in the assay is a likely source of artifact formation of Acr-dG. The formation of Acr-dG as an artifact can be effectively blocked by adding glutathione (GSH) to the DNA sample to be analyzed. In addition, we detected Acr-dG as a contaminant in the commercial dG and dT 3′-monophosphate samples. Finally, we applied this method to detect Acr-dG in calf thymus and human colon HT29 cell DNA with an excellent linear quantitative relationship.

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Modeling the concentrations of gas-phase toxic organic air pollutants: direct emissions and atmospheric formation

Cited by 34 publications

References 47 publications

Simulation and analysis of secondary organic aerosol dynamics in the South Coast Air Basin of California

Simulation and analysis of secondary organic aerosol dynamics in the South Coast Air Basin of California

Assessment of air emissions from industrial kiln drying of Pinus radiata wood

Detection of the acrolein-derived cyclic DNA adduct by a quantitative 32P-postlabeling/solid-phase extraction/HPLC method: Blocking its artifact formation with glutathione

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