Modeling the effect of electrode thickness on the performance of lithium-ion batteries with experimental validation

Xu, Meng; Reichman, B.; Wang, Xia

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.115864

Cited by 85 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, subsequent sections will show that ionic gradients both across the cathode and within the porous CBD do not pose a limitation to the electrochemical reaction and thus do not measurably affect the macroscopic discharge performance. Note that literature in this area has shown that electrode thickness can have a significant effect on cathode utilization, particularly for thicknesses greater than 60 μm [14,78]. While ionic gradients are not impactful in the domains studied here, mesoscale transport effects in thick electrodes warrant further study.…”

Section: Visualization Of 2d Cross-sectionsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Traditionally, macroscale battery simulation relies on Pseudo-2D models that treat the electrode as a bulk, homogenized, porous material, collectively known as Newman type models [11][12][13][14][15]. However, homogenized electrode properties can be difficult to experimentally measure and can vary widely based on material formulation, manufacturing conditions, state of charge, age, and other factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrode Mesoscale as a Collection of Particles: Coupled Electrochemical and Mechanical Analysis of NMC

Ferraro¹,

Trembacki²,

Brunini³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Battery electrodes are composed of polydisperse particles and a porous, composite binder domain. These materials are arranged into a complex mesostructure whose morphology impacts both electrochemical performance and mechanical response. We present image-based, particle-resolved, mesoscale finite element model simulations of coupled electrochemical-mechanical performance on a representative NMC electrode domain. Beyond predicting macroscale quantities such as half-cell voltage and evolving electrical conductivity, studying behaviors on a per-particle and per-surface basis enables performance and material design insights previously unachievable. Voltage losses are primarily attributable to a complex interplay between interfacial charge transfer kinetics, lithium diffusion, and, locally, electrical conductivity. Mesoscale heterogeneities arise from particle polydispersity and lead to material underutilization at high current densities. Particle-particle contacts, however, reduce heterogeneities by enabling lithium diffusion between connected particle groups. While the porous composite binder domain (CBD) may have slower ionic transport and less available area for electrochemical reactions, its high electrical conductivity makes it the preferred reaction site late in electrode discharge. Mesoscale results are favorably compared to both experimental data and macrohomogeneous models. This work enables improvements in materials design by providing a tool for optimization of particle sizes, CBD morphology, and manufacturing conditions.

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Section: Visualization Of 2d Cross-sectionsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrode Mesoscale as a Collection of Particles: Coupled Electrochemical and Mechanical Analysis of NMC

Ferraro¹,

Trembacki²,

Brunini³

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Each coating technique requires unique slurry properties, and these variations ultimately affect the properties of the coated layer. The advantage of high material loading can also be offset by cell polarization and underutilization of the AM at high cycling rates [125,143]. Singh et al [144] tested the energy delivered by NMC111/graphite cells and NMC111 half-cells, with a thickness of 70 and 320 µm.…”

Section: Coating Techniques: the Electrode Thickness And Its Mechanical Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities for the State-of-the-Art Production of LIB Electrodes—A Review

Bryntesen¹,

Strømman²,

Tolstorebrov³

et al. 2021

Energies

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A sustainable shift from internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs) is essential to achieve a considerable reduction in emissions. The production of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) used in EVs is an energy-intensive and costly process. It can also lead to significant embedded emissions depending on the source of energy used. In fact, about 39% of the energy consumption in LIB production is associated with drying processes, where the electrode drying step accounts for about a half. Despite the enormous energy consumption and costs originating from drying processes, they are seldomly researched in the battery industry. Establishing knowledge within the LIB industry regarding state-of-the-art drying techniques and solvent evaporation mechanisms is vital for optimising process conditions, detecting alternative solvent systems, and discovering novel techniques. This review aims to give a summary of the state-of-the-art LIB processing techniques. An in-depth understanding of the influential factors for each manufacturing step of LIBs is then established, emphasising the electrode structure and electrochemical performance. Special attention is dedicated to the convection drying step in conventional water and N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)-based electrode manufacturing. Solvent omission in dry electrode processing substantially lowers the energy demand and allows for a thick, mechanically stable electrode coating. Small changes in the electrode manufacturing route may have an immense impact on the final battery performance. Electrodes used for research and development often have a different production route and techniques compared to those processed in industry. The scalability issues related to the comparison across scales are discussed and further emphasised when the industry moves towards the next-generation techniques. Finally, the critical aspects of the innovations and industrial modifications that aim to overcome the main challenges are presented.

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“…[ 82 ] In addition, diffusion of lithium ions in the electrolyte has been regarded as the limiting step once the electrode thickness exceeds a critical value. [ 83–85 ] Therefore, aiming to reduce electron/ion transport barriers and advance energy/power density, tuning electrode parameters through architecture design is essential. Several strategies developed in recent years, focusing on the aspect of electrode conductivity, porosity and tortuosity at various length levels, are illustrated in this section.…”

Section: Architecture Design In Thick Battery Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale Understanding and Architecture Design of High Energy/Power Lithium‐Ion Battery Electrodes

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

191

118

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Among various commercially available energy storage devices, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) stand out as the most compact and rapidly growing technology. This multicomponent system operates on coupled dynamics to reversibly store and release electricity. With the hierarchical electrode architectures inside LIBs, versatile functionality can be realized by design, while considerable difficulties remain to be solved to fully exploit the capability of each constituent. With the rapid electrification of the transportation sector and an urgent need to overhaul electric grids in the context of renewable energy penetration, demands for concomitant high energy and high power batteries are continuously increasing. Although building an ideal battery requires effort from multiple scientific and engineering aspects, it is imperative to gain insight into multiscale transport behaviors arising in both spatial and temporal dimensions, and enable their harmonic integration inside the whole battery system. In this progress report, recent research efforts on characterizing and understanding transport kinetics in LIBs are reviewed covering a broad range of electrode materials and length scales. To demonstrate the crucial role of such information in revolutionary electrode design, examples of innovative high energy/power electrodes are provided with their unique hierarchical porous architectures highlighted. To conclude, perspectives on further approaches toward advanced thick electrode designs with fast kinetics and tailored properties are discussed.

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Modeling the effect of electrode thickness on the performance of lithium-ion batteries with experimental validation

Cited by 85 publications

References 36 publications

Electrode Mesoscale as a Collection of Particles: Coupled Electrochemical and Mechanical Analysis of NMC

Electrode Mesoscale as a Collection of Particles: Coupled Electrochemical and Mechanical Analysis of NMC

Opportunities for the State-of-the-Art Production of LIB Electrodes—A Review

Multiscale Understanding and Architecture Design of High Energy/Power Lithium‐Ion Battery Electrodes

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