Modeling the effect of facial topographies upon the visual field of humans and primates

Glittenberg, Carl; Schubert, Christian; Meisel, D.; Viola, Bence; Binder, S.; Ahnelt, Peter K.

doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2009.00669.x

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…As can be seen in Table 1, the most commonly reported manufacturer used for fully noninvasive primate testing is Tobii (Tobii Technology, Sweden). Given that (Tobii) eye trackers have been developed for use with human participants, and primates' eyes and faces differ from humans in terms of size and morphology (e.g., Glittenberg et al, 2009;Kobayashi & Kohshima, 2001) as well as interpupil distance, users have reported varying success across the different models for use with primates (e.g., Kano, Call, & Tomonaga, 2012, reported that the eye tracker they used [Tobii X120] was unable to track both eyes of one adult male gorilla due to the wide distance between his eyes). In spite of this, Kano and Tomonaga (2009) reported that for humans and chimpanzees tested under comparable protocols (using Tobii X120), "the average error when viewing the screen (the distance between measured and intended gaze points) was less than 0.5°in both species, p 1950."…”

Section: Hardwarementioning

confidence: 99%

The application of noninvasive, restraint-free eye-tracking methods for use with nonhuman primates

et al. 2020

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Over the past 50 years there has been a strong interest in applying eye-tracking techniques to study a myriad of questions related to human and nonhuman primate psychological processes. Eye movements and fixations can provide qualitative and quantitative insights into cognitive processes of nonverbal populations such as nonhuman primates, clarifying the evolutionary, physiological, and representational underpinnings of human cognition. While early attempts at nonhuman primate eye tracking were relatively crude, later, more sophisticated and sensitive techniques required invasive protocols and the use of restraint. In the past decade, technology has advanced to a point where noninvasive eye-tracking techniques, developed for use with human participants, can be applied for use with nonhuman primates in a restraint-free manner. Here we review the corpus of recent studies (N=32) that take such an approach. Despite the growing interest in eye-tracking research, there is still little consensus on "best practices," both in terms of deploying test protocols or reporting methods and results. Therefore, we look to advances made in the field of developmental psychology, as well as our own collective experiences using eye trackers with nonhuman primates, to highlight key elements that researchers should consider when designing noninvasive restraint-free eye-tracking research protocols for use with nonhuman primates. Beyond promoting best practices for research protocols, we also outline an ideal approach for reporting such research and highlight future directions for the field.

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Section: Hardwarementioning

confidence: 99%

The application of noninvasive, restraint-free eye-tracking methods for use with nonhuman primates

et al. 2020

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confidence: 99%

“…16 Virtual reconstructions of human and primate faces in computer modeled perimeters have identified the limiting role of the nasal ridge and other aspects of facial anatomy on the visual field, but again the effect of head turn on these anatomic limitations was not assessed (virtually or otherwise). 17 This study aims to determine whether the areas of decreased peripheral visual field sensitivity caused by prominent facial anatomy on 60-4 testing can be overcome by turning the head in patients with otherwise normal visual function.…”

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Head Turn During Visual Field Testing to Minimize the Influence of Prominent Facial Anatomy

Sadegh Mousavi,

Jamali Dogahe,

Lyons

et al. 2023

Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology

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Background: Facial contour naturally decreases the visual field. Peripheral visual field defects caused by facial anatomy and ocular pathology can be missed in a routine standard of care. Mathematically calculating the true angle for turning the head to optimize the peripheral visual field has not been studied to date. The purpose of this study was to explore the utility of turning the head during perimetry to maximize the testable visual field. Methods: Six healthy study participants aged 18–52 were enrolled, prospectively; the dominant eye of each participant was tested. In total, 60-4 visual fields were obtained from each participant's dominant eye with the head in primary position. Then, the 60-4 tests were repeated with the head turned prescribed degrees toward and away from the tested eye (“manual method”). Based on a photograph of the participant's face, a convolutional neural network (CNN) was used to predict the optimal head turn angle for maximizing the field, and the test was repeated in this position (“automated method”). Results: Maximal visual field exposure was found at a head turn of 15° away from the tested eye using the manual method and was found at an average head turn of 12.6° using the automated method; maximum threshold values were similar between manual and automated methods. The mean of threshold in these subjects at the standard direction and the predicted optimum direction was 1,302, SD = 69.35, and 1,404, SD = 67.37, respectively (P = 0.02). Conclusions: Turning the head during perimetry maximizes the testable field area by minimizing the influence of prominent facial anatomy. In addition, our CNN can accurately predict each individual's optimal angle of head turn for maximizing the visual field.

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Group Size, Commitment, Trust, and Mutual Awareness in Task Groups

Soboroff

Kelley

Lovaglia

2019

The Sociological Quarterly

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Modeling the effect of facial topographies upon the visual field of humans and primates

Abstract: The model provides information on anatomical constraints for monocular and binocular visual field extensions including projection of the ventral field on a virtual floor.

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

The application of noninvasive, restraint-free eye-tracking methods for use with nonhuman primates

The application of noninvasive, restraint-free eye-tracking methods for use with nonhuman primates

Head Turn During Visual Field Testing to Minimize the Influence of Prominent Facial Anatomy

Group Size, Commitment, Trust, and Mutual Awareness in Task Groups

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