Modeling the Effectiveness of Respiratory Protective Devices in Reducing Influenza Outbreak

Yan, Jing Jou; Guha, Sudipto; Hariharan, Prasanna; Myers, Matthew R.

doi:10.1111/risa.13181

Cited by 44 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Yan et al (90) provide an additional example of an incremental impact assessment of respiratory protective devices using an augmented variant of a traditional SIR model in the context of influenza with N95 respirators. They showed that a sufficiently high adherence rate (~80% of the population) resulted in the elimination of the outbreak with most respiratory protective devices.…”

Section: Estimating Population Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Face Masks Against COVID-19: An Evidence Review

Howard¹,

Huang²,

Li³

et al. 2020

Preprint

267

264

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The science around the use of masks by the general public to impede COVID-19 transmission is advancing rapidly. Policymakers need guidance on how masks should be used by the general population to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we synthesize the relevant literature to inform multiple areas: 1) transmission characteristics of COVID-19, 2) filtering characteristics and efficacy of masks, 3) estimated population impacts of widespread community mask use, and 4) sociological considerations for policies concerning mask-wearing. A primary route of transmission of COVID-19 is likely via small respiratory droplets, and is known to be transmissible from presymptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Reducing disease spread requires two things: first, limit contacts of infected individuals via physical distancing and contact tracing with appropriate quarantine, and second, reduce the transmission probability per contact by wearing masks in public, among other measures. The preponderance of evidence indicates that mask wearing reduces the transmissibility per contact by reducing transmission of infected droplets in both laboratory and clinical contexts. Public mask wearing is most effective at stopping spread of the virus when compliance is high. The decreased transmissibility could substantially reduce the death toll and economic impact while the cost of the intervention is low. Thus we recommend the adoption of public cloth mask wearing, as an effective form of source control, in conjunction with existing hygiene, distancing, and contact tracing strategies. We recommend that public officials and governments strongly encourage the use of widespread face masks in public, including the use of appropriate regulation.

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Section: Estimating Population Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Face Masks Against COVID-19: An Evidence Review

Howard¹,

Huang²,

Li³

et al. 2020

Preprint

267

264

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Yan et al (43) provide an additional example of an incremental impact assessment of respiratory protective devices using an augmented variant of a traditional SIR model in the context of influenza with N95 respirators. They showed that a sufficiently high adherence rate (~80% of the population) resulted in the elimination of the outbreak with most respira-tory protective devices.…”

Section: Population Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Face Masks Against COVID-19: An Evidence Review

Howard¹,

Huang²,

Li³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The science around the use of masks by the general public to impede COVID-19 transmission is advancing rapidly. Policymakers need guidance on how masks should be used by the general population to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. In this narrative review, we develop an analytical framework to examine mask usage, considering and synthesizing the relevant literature to inform multiple areas: population impact; transmission characteristics; source control; PPE; sociological considerations; and implementation considerations. A primary route of transmission of COVID-19 is via respiratory droplets, and is known to be transmissible from presymptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Reducing disease spread requires two things: first, limit contacts of infected individuals via physical distancing and other measures, and second, reduce the transmission probability per contact. The preponderance of evidence indicates that mask wearing reduces the transmissibility per contact by reducing transmission of infected droplets in both laboratory and clinical contexts. Public mask wearing is most effective at reducing spread of the virus when compliance is high. The decreased transmissibility could substantially reduce the death toll and economic impact while the cost of the intervention is low. Given the current shortages of medical masks we recommend the adoption of public cloth mask wearing, as an effective form of source control, in conjunction with existing hygiene, distancing, and contact tracing strategies. Because many respiratory droplets become smaller due to evaporation, we recommend increasing focus on a previously overlooked aspect of mask usage: mask-wearing by infectious people ("source control") with benefits at the population-level, rather than mask-wearing by susceptible people, such as health-care workers, with focus on individual outcomes. We recommend that public officials and governments strongly encourage the use of widespread face masks in public, including the use of appropriate regulation.

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“…El estudio de Yan y colaboradores estimó una reducción en la incidencia acumulada de enfermedad respiratoria de alrededor de 20%, asumiendo que de 10 a 15% de la población utiliza cubrebocas de filtrado medio o respiradores N95. 22 El estudio de Brienen y colaboradores estimó que 40% de la población tendría que utilizar cubrebocas quirúrgicos de manera perfecta (eficacia de 70%) para reducir el número de reproducción de influenza de 2.0 a 1.5; sin embargo, si 40% de la población utilizara cubrebocas con una eficiencia de 30%, el número de reproducción disminuiría de 2.0 a 1.8. 23 Finalmente, el estudio de Tracht y colaboradores concluye que los cubrebocas quirúrgicos muestran un efecto pequeño sobre la probabilidad de contagio, y su efecto durante una epidemia no sería relevante.…”

Section: Uso Masivo De Cubrebocas En La Población Generalunclassified