Modeling the Effects of Disturbance, Spatial Variation, and Environmental Heterogeneity on Population Viability of Plants

Menges, Eric S.; Quintana-Ascencio, P. P.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-09389-4_11

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…In many ways, herbicide management is analogous to the impacts of natural disturbances, such as hurricanes (Horvitz, Tuljapurkar & Pascarella 2005), floods (Menges 1990) and fires (Schultz and Crone 1998;Menges and Quintana-Ascencio 2003). These disturbances have a negative short-term impact, but typically improve conditions for surviving or recolonizing plants, and are often necessary for long-term persistence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐target effects of broadleaf herbicide on a native perennial forb: a demographic framework for assessing and minimizing impacts

Crone¹,

Marler

Pearson

2009

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary 1.Invasive species are one of the leading threats to biodiversity worldwide. Therefore, chemical herbicides are increasingly used to control invasive plants in natural and semi-natural areas. Little is known about the non-target impacts of these chemicals on native species. 2. We conducted an experiment to test the demographic effects of the herbicide picloram on a native dominant forb, arrowleaf balsamroot Balsamorhiza sagittata . As reported in earlier studies, picloram did not change leaf area of balsamroot in the short term (5 years). However, a single application of picloram dramatically reduced flowering and seed set, and these effects have persisted for at least 4 years after spraying. 3. Matrix population models based on these data suggest that arrowleaf balsamroot is slowly declining in the presence of weeds, rapidly declining in the presence of herbicide, but might experience a release period after the herbicide decays and before weeds reinvade. 4. Therefore, from the perspective of persistence of this native wildflower, herbicide use can be beneficial or detrimental, depending on how often a site is sprayed and how long the herbicide persists in the soil. In this system, spraying intervals of more than 10 years may be beneficial, but intervals of less than 5 years will be detrimental. In general, our results emphasize the importance of finding ways to combine herbicide use with other weed control techniques to maximize return intervals and minimize non-target impacts. Synthesis and applications.Herbicide use in natural areas differs fundamentally from herbicide use in agricultural areas, because the non-target species are not directly under management control. Herbicides inevitably will impact non-target species due to limitations in selectivity. Herbicide persistence and reapplication intervals are key factors determining the demographic impacts of herbicides on native plants. Understanding how persistence and reapplication timing interact with native plant demography allows us to develop management prescriptions that minimize non-target effects in natural areas. To date, this interface of ecology and management has received little attention from practitioners or researchers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐target effects of broadleaf herbicide on a native perennial forb: a demographic framework for assessing and minimizing impacts

Crone¹,

Marler

Pearson

2009

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…Studies integrating information from many sites with different times since disturbance or different disturbance regimes are necessary to provide estimates of long‐term population dynamics and the persistence of disturbance‐sensitive species at a landscape level ( Menges & Quintana‐Ascencio 2003 ). However, these types of studies present particular challenges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These models provide a powerful tool with which to compare population viability under different fire regimes ( Bradstock & O'Connell 1988; Silva et al 1991; Burgman & Lamont 1992; Canales et al 1994; Bradstock et al 1995; Gross et al 1998; Hoffmann 1999 ). Stochastic demographic modeling, in particular, allows more realistic population projections and better estimates of extinction risks than deterministic approaches because it incorporates the effects of random temporal environmental fluctuations ( e.g., Menges 1992; Bastrenta et al 1995; Oostermeijer et al 1996; Picó et al 2002; Menges & Quintana‐Ascencio 2003 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fire‐Explicit Population Viability Analysis of Hypericum cumulicola in Florida Rosemary Scrub

Quintana‐Ascencio

Menges

Weekley

2003

Conservation Biology

112

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Land managers seeking to reestablish historical fire regimes need guidance on how to apply prescribed fire to promote the population persistence of endangered species. We explored extinction risks of Hypericum cumulicola, a fire‐dependent plant endemic to the Lake Wales Ridge, Florida ( U.S.A ). Stochastic and deterministic matrix population models based on six censuses ( 1994–1999 ) and data from several germination and seedling survival experiments were used to compare H. cumulicola demography and extinction probabilities under different fire regimes. Environmental variation associated with site, year, and winter precipitation was included in these models. We estimated time to extinction of unburned populations of different sizes and the probabilities of extinction under no fire, different regular fire‐return intervals, and alternating short and long fire‐return intervals. Following an initial fire, even relatively large populations of thousands of individuals may become locally extinct within 300–400 years without additional fires. Extinction probability declined as intervals between fires decreased. Fire intervals openface>50 years resulted in an appreciable extinction probability after 200 years. Cycles of highly staggered short and long fire‐return intervals caused slightly higher chances of extinction than regular fire‐return intervals. The simulations were sensitive to estimates of survival in the seed bank. Active management will be required to restore favorable fire regimes in areas where fire has been suppressed. To maintain biodiversity, managers should consider variable fire regimes to match the requirements of a variety of species with different life histories.

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“…Disturbance is a major source of temporal and spatial heterogeneity that can inXuence the population dynamics of riparian species and the evolutions of their life histories (Sousa 1984;Menges and Quintana-Ascencio 2003). In transient environments, the spatial or temporal arrangement of suitable habitats and the rate of change in landscape structure determine species persistence on a regional scale (e.g., Pease et al 1989;Fahrig and Merriam 1994;Stelter et al 1997;Travis and Dytham 1999;Johnst et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional persistence of an endemic plant, Erigeron acer subsp. decoloratus, in disturbed riparian habitats

Jäkäläniemi¹,

Siikamäki²,

Kilpiä³

et al. 2008

Oecologia

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Regional persistence of species requires a positive balance between colonizations and local extinctions. In this study, we examined the amount of colonizations and extinctions and their likelihood as a function of patch size, isolation, and habitat characteristics of a riparian perennial plant, Erigeron acer subsp. decoloratus. We also studied the importance of patch dynamics to the regional population growth. Over five successive years, we counted the number of plant patches along 43 km of riverside. Most patches were small in area and population size. The annual finite growth rate in the number of patches varied between years, but the geometric mean was close to 1.0, indicating a viable patch network in spite of local extinctions. Extinction rate was highest on steep slopes and for small patches with few individual plants and a small patch area. When the patches were classified into different stage classes, the most common fate was stasis, i.e., the patch remained at the same stage. Patch survival and local, within-patch dynamics were most important during this five-year period. Between-patch dynamics (including colonization for example) accounted for 5-10% of annual transitions. The overall dynamics were relatively similar to those of other plant species subjected to riparian disturbance regimes. In the long run, the survival of the species depends on how well it is able to escape from competition from forest and meadow species and track the availability of suitable habitats. This kind of habitat tracking differs from classical metapopulation dynamics. In the former, local extinctions occur as a consequence of adverse changes in the habitat and recolonizations are rare, whereas metapopulation models assume a highly persistent habitat structure with frequent recolonizations. In this respect, the regional dynamics of perennial plants in disturbed riparian habitats may differ from classical metapopulations.

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Modeling the Effects of Disturbance, Spatial Variation, and Environmental Heterogeneity on Population Viability of Plants

Cited by 10 publications

References 78 publications

Non‐target effects of broadleaf herbicide on a native perennial forb: a demographic framework for assessing and minimizing impacts

Non‐target effects of broadleaf herbicide on a native perennial forb: a demographic framework for assessing and minimizing impacts

A Fire‐Explicit Population Viability Analysis of Hypericum cumulicola in Florida Rosemary Scrub

Regional persistence of an endemic plant, Erigeron acer subsp. decoloratus, in disturbed riparian habitats

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