Modeling the Impact of Post-Flashover Shipboard Fires On Adjacent Spaces

White, Derek; Beyler, Craig L.; Scheffey, Joseph L.; Williams, Frederick W.

doi:10.1177/104239159901000402

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It is of interest to the fire service because of the danger to fire fighters and to building designers because of life safety and the attendant impact on occupants. Several papers have looked at the capability of CFAST to predict the conditions under which flashover can occur [33,34,35,36]. In addition, a comparison of CFAST with a number of simple correlations was used by Peacock and Babrauskas [31,32] to simulate a range of geometries and fire conditions to predict the development of the fire up to the point of flashover.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFAST - Consolidated Fire and Smoke Transport (Version 7) Volume 5: CFAST Fire Data Generator (CData)

Reneke¹,

Peacock²,

Gilbert³

et al. 2021

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This document provides documentation for creating and running Monte Carlo simulations with the Consolidated Fire And Smoke Transport (CFAST) model using the CFAST Fire Data Generator (CData). The method follows the general framework set forth in the "Standard Guide for Evaluating the Predictive Capability of Deterministic Fire Models," ASTM E 1355 [1]. Instructions for using CFAST are contained in a separate user's guide, and model assessment information is contained in a separate verification and validation guide.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFAST - Consolidated Fire and Smoke Transport (Version 7) Volume 5: CFAST Fire Data Generator (CData)

Reneke¹,

Peacock²,

Gilbert³

et al. 2021

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show abstract

“…CFAST (version 3.1) predictions for the gas temperature and the cold wall temperature were compared with shipboard fires [131]. The comparisons between the model and experimental data show 'conservative predictions' according to the authors.…”

Section: Prediction Of Flashovermentioning

confidence: 99%

CFAST – Consolidated Model of Fire Growth and Smoke Transport (Version 6) Technical Reference Guide

Peacock¹,

Forney²,

Reneke³

2013

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DisclaimerThe U. S. Department of Commerce makes no warranty, expressed or implied, to users of CFAST and associated computer programs, and accepts no responsibility for its use. Users of CFAST assume sole responsibility under Federal law for determining the appropriateness of its use in any particular application; for any conclusions drawn from the results of its use; and for any actions taken or not taken as a result of analyses performed using these tools. CFAST is intended for use only by those competent in the field of fire safety and is intended only to supplement the informed judgment of a qualified user. The software package is a computer model which may or may not have predictive value when applied to a specific set of factual circumstances. Lack of accurate predictions by the model could lead to erroneous conclusions with regard to fire safety. All results should be evaluated by an informed user.iii iv Intent and UseThe algorithms, procedures, and computer programs described in this report constitute a method ology for predicting some of the consequences resulting from a prescribed fire. They have been compiled from the best knowledge and understanding currently available, but have important lim itations that must be understood and considered by the user. The program is intended for use by persons competent in the field of fire safety and with some familiarity with personal computers. It is intended as an aid in the fire safety decision-making process. v vi PrefaceCFAST is a two-zone fire model used to calculate the evolving distribution of smoke, fire gases and temperature throughout compartments of a constructed facility during a fire. In CFAST, each compartment is divided into two gas layers.The modeling equations used in CFAST take the mathematical form of an initial value problem for a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). These equations are derived using the conservation of mass, the conservation of energy (equivalently the first law of thermodynamics), the ideal gas law and relations for density and internal energy. These equations predict as functions of time quantities such as pressure, layer height and temperatures given the accumulation of mass and enthalpy in the two layers. The CFAST model then consists of a set of ODEs to compute the environment in each compartment and a collection of algorithms to compute the mass and enthalpy source terms required by the ODEs.In general, this document provides the technical documentation for CFAST along with sig nificant information on validation of the model. It follows the ASTM E1355 guide for model assessment. The guide provides several areas of evaluation:• Model and scenarios definition: CFAST is designed primarily to predict the environment within compartmented structures which results from unwanted fires. These can range from very small containment vessels, on the order of 1 m 3 to large spaces on the order of 1000 m 3 . The appropriate size fire for a given application depends on the size of the compartment being modeled. A range of...

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“…Post-flashover fires in shipboard spaces have a pronounced effects on adjacent spaces due to highly conductive boundaries. CFAST (version 3.1) predictions for the gas temperature and the cold wall temperature were compared with shipboard fires [31]. The comparisons between the model and experimental data show 'conservative predictions' according to the authors.…”

Section: Prediction Of Flashovermentioning

confidence: 99%

CFAST – Consolidated Model of Fire Growth and Smoke Transport (Version 6) Software Development and Model Evaluation Guide

Peacock¹,

Reneke²,

Forney³

2013

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experiments, the preparation of the CFAST manuals, and the continuing development of sub-models that are of importance in the area of nuclear power plant safety. Special thanks to Mark Salley and Jason Dreisbach for their efforts and support. Support to refine the software development and quality assurance process for CFAST has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The assistance of Subir Sen and Debra Sparkman in understanding DOE software quality assurance programs and the application of the process to CFAST is gratefully acknowledged. Thanks are also due to Allan Coutts, Washington Safety Management Solutions for his insight into the appli cation of fire models to nuclear safety applications and detailed review of the CFAST document updates for DOE. For the NIST/NRC tests, Alex Maranghides was in charge of the Large Fire Laboratory at NIST where these tests were conducted, and helped to design the experiments. Thanks also to technicians Laurean Delauter, Jay McElroy, and Jack Lee who constructed and conducted these validation ex periments at NIST. Steve Nowlen at Sandia National Laboratories provided data, documentation and further information for the NRC-sponsored experiments referred to in this document and the "FM/SNL Test Series" (Factory Mutual and Sandia National Laboratories conducted these experi ments). Finally, thanks to VTT, Finland, for their contribution of experimental data, referred to in this document as the "VTT Large Hall Experiments.

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Modeling the Impact of Post-Flashover Shipboard Fires On Adjacent Spaces

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

CFAST - Consolidated Fire and Smoke Transport (Version 7) Volume 5: CFAST Fire Data Generator (CData)

CFAST - Consolidated Fire and Smoke Transport (Version 7) Volume 5: CFAST Fire Data Generator (CData)

CFAST – Consolidated Model of Fire Growth and Smoke Transport (Version 6) Technical Reference Guide

CFAST – Consolidated Model of Fire Growth and Smoke Transport (Version 6) Software Development and Model Evaluation Guide

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