“…Sharp treatment of the boundary conditions is also done in the ghost-fluid approach of [72,74,75], which has also been applied to the case where the grid is encoded by quadtrees in the case of the solidification of a unary system [51,76]. In [77], the authors also used the boundary treatment of [72,74] to simulate the growth of a binary system on graded quadtree grids. The work of [77] is applied to cryopreservation, in which the temperature field is assumed to be unaffected by the solidification process.…”