Modeling the Phase Behavior of Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites

Balazs, Anna C.; Singh, Chandralekha; Zhulina, Ekaterina B.; Lyatskaya, Yulia

doi:10.1021/ar970336m

Cited by 178 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Thus, one may control the degree of intercalation/exfoliation by varying the chain length of the intercalant. This experimental finding confirms the theoretical conclusions by Balazs and her colleagues, 124,125 and by Kim et al 126 regarding the use of long-chain end-functionalized compatibilizers. Its MW should be just above the entanglement molecular weight:…”

Section: Biodegradable Polyesters: Polylactic Acid (Pla) Polycaprolasupporting

confidence: 88%

Synthetic, layered nanoparticles for polymeric nanocomposites (PNCs)

Utracki

Sepehr

Boccaleri

2007

Polymers for Advanced Techs

382

252

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Synthetic, layered nano-particles for polymeric nanocomposites (PNC's)Utracki, L. A.; Sepehr, M.; Boccaleri, E.Contact us / Contactez nous: nparc.cisti@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca.http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=fr L'accès à ce site Web et l'utilisation de son contenu sont assujettis aux conditions présentées dans le site Web page / page Web http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.852 http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?action=rtdoc&an=15774991&lang=en http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?action=rtdoc&an=15774991&lang=fr LISEZ CES CONDITIONS ATTENTIVEMENT AVANT D'UTILISER CE SITE WEB. READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS WEBSITE.Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=en This review discusses preparation and use of the synthetic layered nanoparticles in polymer matrices, i.e., in the polymeric nanocomposites (PNCs). Several types of synthetic or semi-synthetic layered materials are considered, namely the phyllosilicates (clays), silicic acid (magadiite), layered double hydroxides (LDHs), zirconium phosphates (ZrPs), and di-chalcogenides. The main advantage of synthetic clays is their chemical purity (e.g. absence of amorphous and gritty contaminants, as well as arsenic, iron, and other heavy metals), white to transparent color that assures reproducibly of brightly colored products, as well as a wide range of aspect ratios, p ¼ 20 to £6000. Several large scale production facilities have been established. The synthetic clay and LDH industries are oriented toward big volume markets: catalysis, foodstuff, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, toiletry, etc. The use of these materials in PNCs is limited to synthetic clays and LDHs, mainly for reinforcement, permeability control, reduction of flammability, and stabilization, e.g. during dehydrohalogenation of chlorinated macromolecules. The use of lamellar ZrPs and di-chalcogenides is at the laboratory stage of functional polymeric systems development, e.g. for electrically conductive materials, catalysts or support for catalysts, in photochemistry, molecular and chiral recognition, or in fuel cell technologies, etc. Copyright # 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.KEYWORDS: polymeric nanocomposites; nanoparticles; clay; layered double hydroxides; matrix POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES Polym. Adv. Technol. 2007; 18: 1-37 Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI: 10.1002/pat.852 AUTHORS' BIOGRAPHIESDr Leszek A. Utracki was born and educated (up to Habilitation) in Poland. After the post-doctoral stage at USC in Los Angeles with Robert Simha he settled in Canada. His passionate research interest has been within the field of thermodynamics, rheology and processing of multicomponent, multiphase polymeric systems. During the 55 years in the profession he has published several hundred articles, book chapters, books, patents, etc., which has placed him on the ISI li...

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Section: Biodegradable Polyesters: Polylactic Acid (Pla) Polycaprolasupporting

confidence: 88%

Synthetic, layered nanoparticles for polymeric nanocomposites (PNCs)

Utracki

Sepehr

Boccaleri

2007

Polymers for Advanced Techs

382

252

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“…Utracki and Lyngaae-Jørgensen [2002] observed several common aspects of exfoliated CPNCs and liquid-crystal polymers (LCPs). Similar six-phase structures are predicted for CPNCs and observed in LCPs: isotropic, nematic, smectic-A, columnar, house of cards, and crystal [Porter and Johnson, 1967;Balazs et al, 1999;Ginzburg et al, 2000]. These phases in CPNCs originate in a balance between the thermodynamic interactions, clay concentration, and platelets orientation, while in LCPs they depend mainly on temperature.…”

Section: Model Suspension For Pncssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Scores of papers have been published on the rheological behavior of nanocomposites, but only a few research teams have developed predictive models. Different approaches have been used to describe PNC thermodynamics and rheology: a self-consistent field (SCF) lattice model, molecular dynamic (MD) and Monte Carlo simulations, continuum mechanics, molecular network-based models, and the GENERIC approach (dynamic equations compatible with thermodynamics) [Vaia and Giannelis, 1997a,b;Balazs et al, 1998Balazs et al, , 1999Zhang and Archer, 2004;Anderson et al, 2005;Gu and Grmela, 2008].…”

Section: Modeling Of Pnc Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rheology of Polymers with Nanofillers

2010

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“…The ability to determine the size and shape of clay platelets accurately is of fundamental importance in understanding the structure of polyelectrolyte/clay multilayer films (Kleinfeld andFerguson 1994, Rouse et al 2000), the behavior of clay suspensions (Avery and Ramsay 1986, Bonn et al 1999, Kroon et al 1998, Mourchid et al 1998, Nicolai and Cocard 2000, Rosta and von Gunten 1990 and clay/polymer composites (Balazs et al 1999, Gilman 1999, Kawasumi et al 1997, Kornmann et al 2001, Sonobe et al 1999, Tyan et al 1999, Vaia et al 19961999). Although scattering techniques (e.g., visible light, x-ray, neutron) have proven useful for characterizing clay suspensions, the ability to differentiate between scattering from single particles and aggregates has proven difficult (Nicolai andCocard 2000, Rosta andvon Guten 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for imaging single clay platelets by scanning electron microscopy

2004

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Summary:A method for preparing and observing clay platelets for size and shape analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was developed. Samples of the clay platelets were prepared by polyelectrolyte-assisted adsorption onto a pyrolytic graphite surface. The use of graphite as a substrate was advantageous because of the low number of secondary electrons emitted from it during imaging by SEM. The resulting low background noise allowed the emission from the ~1 nm thick clay sheets to be clearly visualized. Images of centrifuged montmorillonite showed large exfoliated platelets with lateral dimensions between 200 and 600 nm. In contrast, uncentrifuged montmorillonite appeared to contain a large amount of unexfoliated clusters. Although it was not possible to obtain high-quality images of the smaller sheets of Laponite RD, the images of this material did contain size features comparable to the ~30 nm 2 size reported previously using light scattering, as well as transmission electron and atomic force microscopies.

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Modeling the Phase Behavior of Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites

Cited by 178 publications

References 17 publications

Synthetic, layered nanoparticles for polymeric nanocomposites (PNCs)

Synthetic, layered nanoparticles for polymeric nanocomposites (PNCs)

Rheology of Polymers with Nanofillers

A method for imaging single clay platelets by scanning electron microscopy

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