Modeling the ponto-medullary respiratory network

Rybak, Ilya A.; Shevtsova, Natalia A.; Paton, Julian F. R.; Dick, Thomas E.; John, Walter M. St.; Mörschel, Michael; Dutschmann, Mathias

doi:10.1016/j.resp.2004.03.020

Cited by 146 publications

(202 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Although the results shown here are computationally intensive, the method does provide an alternative to the special cases just mentioned, for which analytical progress is possible. The techniques are very general, and should be applicable to a number of other systems which show "emergent" macroscopic behaviour, and for which we have detailed biophysical models (Marder and Bucher 2001;Rybak et al 2004).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced models for binocular rivalry

2010

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Binocular rivalry occurs when two very different images are presented to the two eyes, but a subject perceives only one image at a given time. A number of computational models for binocular rivalry have been proposed; most can be categorised as either "rate" models, containing a small number of variables, or as more biophysicallyrealistic "spiking neuron" models. However, a principled derivation of a reduced model from a spiking model is lacking. We present two such derivations, one heuristic and a second using recently-developed data-mining techniques to extract a small number of "macroscopic" variables from the results of a spiking neuron model simulation. We also consider bifurcations that can occur as parameters are varied, and the role of noise in such systems. Our methods are applicable to a number of other models of interest.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced models for binocular rivalry

2010

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“…Rhythmic behaviors, such as locomotion (McCrea, 2001), breathing (Rybak et al, 2004), and swallowing (Jean, 2001) are controlled by central pattern generators that represent complex neural networks capable of producing the same behavior in a repeated fashion. Other behaviors, such as reflexes, can appear to be rhythmic if an inducing afferent stimulus is applied in a periodic manner.…”

Section: The Holarchical System and The Expression Of Multiple Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurogenesis of cough, other airway defensive behaviors and breathing: A holarchical system?

Bolser

Poliaček

Jakus

et al. 2006

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

114

105

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Cough and breathing are generated by a common muscular system. However, these two behaviors differ significantly in their mechanical features and regulation. The current conceptualization of the neurogenic mechanism for these behaviors holds that the multifunctional respiratory pattern generator undergoes reconfiguration to produce cough. Our previous results indicate the presence of a functional cough gate mechanism that controls the excitability of this airway defensive behavior, but is not involved in the regulation of breathing. We propose that the neurogenesis of cough, breathing, and other nonbreathing behaviors is controlled by a larger network, of which the respiratory pattern generator is part. This network we term a holarchical system. This system is governed by functional control elements known as holons, which confer unique regulatory features to each behavior. The cough gate is an example of such a holon. Neurons that participate in a cough holon may include behavior selective elements. That is, neurons that are either specifically recruited during cough and/or tonically-active neurons with little or no modulation during breathing but with significant alterations in discharge during coughing. We also propose that the holarchical system is responsible for the orderly expression of different airway defensive behaviors such that each motor task is executed in a temporally and mechanically discrete manner. We further propose that a holon controlling one airway defensive behavior can regulate the excitability of, and cooperate with, holons unique to other behaviors. As such, co-expression of multiple rhythmic behaviors such as cough and swallow can occur without compromising airway defense.

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“…Nevertheless, synaptic inhibition is required from birth on to generate a physiological threephase motor pattern [22]. The generation of this threephase motor pattern of breathing (inspiration, postinspiration and late expiration) requires the functional and structural integrity of a pontomedullary respiratory network [3,4,14,15,23,24]. Nevertheless, the network can be separated anatomically and functionally into compartments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconfiguration of respiratory-related population activity in a rostrally tilted transversal slice preparation following blockade of inhibitory neurotransmission in neonatal rats

Funke

Müller

Dutschmann

2008

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

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Recent studies showed that respiratory rhythm generation depends on oscillators located in the pre-Bötzinger complex (pre-BötC) and the parafacial respiratory group (pFRG). To study inhibitory synaptic interactions between these two oscillators, we developed a rostrally tilted transversal slice preparation, which preserves these regions. The onset of rhythmic mass activity in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN)/ pFRG preceded that of the pre-BötC. Blockade of glycinergic and gamma-aminobutyric acidic inhibition synchronized preBötC and RTN/pFRG activity and significantly increased preBötC burst frequency, amplitude, and duration. Population imaging revealed recruitment of inspiratory-like neurones, while expiratory-like neurones lost their phasic activity. The reconfiguration after disinhibition reveals: (1) synaptic inhibition of the pre-BötC arising from the RTN/pFRG, (2) excitatory drive from the RTN/pFRG that triggers the preBötC burst. Our findings support the view that these synaptic interactions in vitro relate to the initiation of the inspiratory phase or to the steering of the expiratory-inspiratory phase transition in vivo.

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Modeling the ponto-medullary respiratory network

Cited by 146 publications

References 44 publications

Reduced models for binocular rivalry

Reduced models for binocular rivalry

Neurogenesis of cough, other airway defensive behaviors and breathing: A holarchical system?

Reconfiguration of respiratory-related population activity in a rostrally tilted transversal slice preparation following blockade of inhibitory neurotransmission in neonatal rats

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