Modeling the Potential Impact of Remdesivir Treatment for Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia on Healthcare Resource Use and Direct Hospital Costs: A Hypothetical Study

Ruggeri, Matteo; Signorini, Alessandro; Caravaggio, Silvia; Alraddadi, Basem; Alali, Alaa; Jarrett, Jerome P.; Kozma, Sam; Harfouche, Camille; Musawi, Tariq Al

doi:10.1007/s40261-022-01177-z

Cited by 9 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…These studies applied a contagion index based on historical data to estimate the number of COVID-19 infections, number of hospitalisations, ICU admissions and deaths. The output of the epidemiological model served as input for a Markov model, in which costs and consequences of the treatment were estimated [ 36 , 37 , 43 ]. Of the studies with a Markov model, two studies partly followed the conventional Susceptible, Exposed, Infected, and Recovered (SEIR) structure and included the S, I and R compartments as health stages in their Markov model [ 27 , 45 , 50 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons Learned from Model-based Economic Evaluations of COVID-19 Drug Treatments Under Pandemic Circumstances: Results from a Systematic Review

Veijer,

van Hulst,

Friedrichson

et al. 2024

PharmacoEconomics

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Background Following clinical research of potential coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatments, numerous decision–analytic models have been developed. Due to pandemic circumstances, clinical evidence was limited and modelling choices were made under great uncertainty. This study aimed to analyse key methodological characteristics of model-based economic evaluations of COVID-19 drug treatments, and specifically focused on modelling choices which pertain to disease severity levels during hospitalisation, model structure, sources of effectiveness and quality of life and long-term sequelae. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review and searched key databases (including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus) for original articles on model-based full economic evaluations of COVID-19 drug treatments. Studies focussing on vaccines, diagnostic techniques and non-pharmaceutical interventions were excluded. The search was last rerun on 22 July 2023. Results were narratively synthesised in tabular form. Several aspects were categorised into rubrics to enable comparison across studies. Results Of the 1047 records identified, 27 were included, and 23 studies (85.2%) differentiated patients by disease severity in the hospitalisation phase. Patients were differentiated by type of respiratory support, level of care management, a combination of both or symptoms. A Markov model was applied in 16 studies (59.3%), whether or not preceded by a decision tree or an epidemiological model. Most cost–utility analyses lacked the incorporation of COVID-19-specific health utility values. Of ten studies with a lifetime horizon, seven adjusted general population estimates to account for long-term sequelae (i.e. mortality, quality of life and costs), lasting for 1 year, 5 years, or a patient’s lifetime. The most often reported parameter influencing the outcome of the analysis was related to treatment effectiveness. Conclusion The results illustrate the variety in modelling approaches of COVID-19 drug treatments and address the need for a more standardized approach in model-based economic evaluations of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Trial Registry Protocol registered in PROSPERO under CRD42023407646. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40273-024-01375-x.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons Learned from Model-based Economic Evaluations of COVID-19 Drug Treatments Under Pandemic Circumstances: Results from a Systematic Review

Veijer,

van Hulst,

Friedrichson

et al. 2024

PharmacoEconomics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A further cost-consequence study from the perspective of the US [ 54 ] and a cost-effectiveness study from Turkey [ 55 ] have reported that remdesivir would be a cost-effective and strongly dominant treatment for COVID-19, respectively. In addition, epidemiological modelling studies from Germany [ 56 ], South Africa [ 57 ], Saudi Arabia [ 58 ] and Portugal [ 59 ] have reported that remdesivir administration would result in significant increases in hospital bed capacities, while a cohort study in Hong Kong has found that early remdesivir treatment is associated with significantly shorter hospital LOS [ 60 ]. Of note, several of these studies reported reduced ICU LOS or increased ICU bed capacity with remdesivir, in line with Béraud 2020 and Soriano 2021, a notable outcome considering the substantially higher costs associated with ICU stays in comparison with general ward stays [ 32 , 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remdesivir-related cost-effectiveness and cost and resource use evidence in COVID-19: a systematic review

et al. 2022

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Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a global health emergency since December 2019, leading to millions of deaths worldwide and placing significant pressures, including economic burden, on individual patients and healthcare systems. As of February 2022, remdesivir is the only US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatment for severe COVID-19. This systematic literature review (SLR) aimed to summarise economic evaluations, and cost and resource use (CRU) evidence related to remdesivir during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Searches of MEDLINE, Embase the International Health Technology Assessment (HTA) database, reference lists, congresses and grey literature were performed in May 2021. Articles were reviewed for relevance against pre-specified criteria by two independent reviewers and study quality was assessed using published checklists. Results Eight studies reported resource use and five reported costs related to remdesivir. Over time, the prescription rate of remdesivir increased and time from disease onset to remdesivir initiation decreased. Remdesivir was associated with a 6% to 21.3% decrease in bed occupancy. Cost estimates for remdesivir ranged widely, from $10 to $780 for a 10-day course. In three out of four included economic evaluations, remdesivir treatment scenarios were cost-effective, ranging from ~ 8 to ~ 23% of the willingness-to-pay threshold for the respective country. Conclusions Economic evidence relating to remdesivir should be interpreted with consideration of the broader clinical context, including patients’ characteristics and the timing of its administration. Nonetheless, remdesivir remains an important option for physicians in aiming to provide optimal care and relieve pressure on healthcare systems through shifting phases of the pandemic.

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“…The predictive model in this study is based on a model previously adopted by the authors of this report on different economic evaluations [10][11][12]. The model has been adapted for this research and can be divided into two parts (Fig The model operates on a 20 weeks' timeframe, starting from September 2021.…”

Section: Structure Of the Model And Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Casirivimab and imdevimab: Cost-effectiveness analysis of the treatment based on monoclonal antibodies on outpatients with Covid-19

2023

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Background and objectives In 2020, the world was profoundly affected by the spread of SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus first identified in December 2019, that was the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), a severe respiratory disease classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. Covid-19 had a significant negative impact on the healthcare facilities and the economies of many countries. A need for pharmacological treatments for Covid-19 patients rapidly emerged to limit the damage caused by the disease and allow for more efficient management of hospital resources. A possible alternative treatment that has achieved encouraging results on Covid-19 is the use of monoclonal antibodies. This research aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a type of monoclonal antibody, specifically the combination of casirivimab and imdevimab, and assess its impact on the Italian healthcare system. Methods The casirivimab and imdevimab treatment efficacy on outpatients with Covid-19 was tested using a predictive Markov model. Research endpoints include hospitalizations, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions, and deaths. This was translated into terms of benefits (savings) and costs for the Italian National Health Service (NHS). The model operates on a predictive time frame of 20 weeks starting from September 2021 until January 2022. The data used to populate the model comes from international academic studies and open-access resources on online databases. Results The model estimates the effects that can be achieved by administering casirivimab and imdevimab treatment on outpatients with Covid-19. According to the estimates, the treatment can prevent approximately 4,000 hospitalizations, 3,589 ICU admissions, and 1,500 deaths in the considered 20-week period. The potential cost savings amount to EUR 78 million, mainly attributable to the reduction in the number of hospitalizations and access to ICU. More specifically, a difference of EUR 15,4 million can be observed due to the reduction in the number of hospitalizations, a difference of EUR 59,3 million due to the reduction in the number in intensive care, and a difference of EUR 20,3 million due to the reduction in deaths as a consequence of the reduction of hospitalizations. These results are already very significant, considering that in Italy, only 4.76% of the population is eligible for monoclonal antibody treatment. Conclusion The administration of casirivimab and imdevimab in outpatients with Covid-19 can accelerate recovery from the disease for patients, make hospital resource management more efficient and significantly reduce costs for healthcare facilities.

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Modeling the Potential Impact of Remdesivir Treatment for Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia on Healthcare Resource Use and Direct Hospital Costs: A Hypothetical Study

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Lessons Learned from Model-based Economic Evaluations of COVID-19 Drug Treatments Under Pandemic Circumstances: Results from a Systematic Review

Lessons Learned from Model-based Economic Evaluations of COVID-19 Drug Treatments Under Pandemic Circumstances: Results from a Systematic Review

Remdesivir-related cost-effectiveness and cost and resource use evidence in COVID-19: a systematic review

Casirivimab and imdevimab: Cost-effectiveness analysis of the treatment based on monoclonal antibodies on outpatients with Covid-19

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