Modeling the Quality and Quantity of Runoff in a Highly Urbanized Catchment Using Storm Water Management Model

Li, Chunlin; Liu, Miao; Hu, Ying-Li; Gong, Jiping; Xu, Yanyan

doi:10.15244/pjoes/60721

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…SUSTAIN was calibrated and validated for runoff quantity and quality simulation before the LID scenarios evaluation. Model performance evaluation was assessed with Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient ( R NS ), relative error ( RE ), and coefficient of determination ( R 2 ), as shown in Equations (1)–(3), respectively [ 35 ].

in which

(m 3 ) is the observed flow at time t ;

(m 3 ) is the predicted flow at time t ;

(m 3 ) is the average observed discharge;

(m 3 ) is the average predicted discharge; t is time, and n is the total number of time steps.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating the Hydrologic Performance of Low Impact Development Scenarios in a Micro Urban Catchment

Liu

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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As urbanization progresses, increasingly impervious surfaces have changed the hydrological processes in cities and resulted in a major challenge for urban stormwater control. This study uses the urban stormwater model to evaluate the performance and costs of low impact development (LID) scenarios in a micro urban catchment. Rainfall-runoff data of three rainfall events were used for model calibration and validation. The pre-developed (PreDev) scenario, post-developed (PostDev) scenario, and three LID scenarios were used to evaluate the hydrologic performance of LID measures. Using reduction in annual runoff as the goal, the best solutions for each LID scenario were selected using cost-effectiveness curves. The simulation results indicated that the three designed LID scenarios could effectively reduce annual runoff volumes and pollutant loads compared with the PostDev scenario. The most effective scenario (MaxPerf) reduced annual runoff by 53.4%, followed by the sponge city (SpoPerf, 51.5%) and economy scenarios (EcoPerf, 43.1%). The runoff control efficiency of the MaxPerf and SpoPerf scenarios increased by 23.9% and 19.5%, respectively, when compared with the EcoPerf scenario; however, the costs increased by 104% and 83.6%. The reduction rates of four pollutants (TSS, TN, TP, and COD) under the MaxPerf scenario were 59.8–61.1%, followed by SpoPerf (53.9–58.3%) and EcoPerf (42.3–45.4%), and the costs of the three scenarios were 3.74, 3.47 and 1.83 million yuan, respectively. These results can provide guidance to urban stormwater managers in future urban planning to improve urban water security.

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in which

(m 3 ) is the observed flow at time t ;

(m 3 ) is the predicted flow at time t ;

(m 3 ) is the average observed discharge;

(m 3 ) is the average predicted discharge; t is time, and n is the total number of time steps.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RE is the error percentage (the ratio of absolute error and the observed values) that shows the reliability of the predicted value. R 2 indicates how well the observed values are replicated by the simulation, as a proportion of the total variation of the outcomes explained by the simulation [ 35 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Hydrologic Performance of Low Impact Development Scenarios in a Micro Urban Catchment

Liu

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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“…An extensive description of the SWMM model can be found in the manual [47]. Numerous examples of its application for simulating flow in urbanized catchments can be found in the scientific publications of various authors [48][49][50][51][52].…”

Section: The Swmm Model For the Studied Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A value of 25% was assumed as limiting for acceptance. The results were further assessed using the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficient-NSE [50,51,59]. Model performance can be evaluated as satisfactory if NSE > 0.50, good if NSE > 0.65 and very good if NSE > 0.75 (with NSE = 1 being the optimal value) [60].…”

Section: Comparison Of Radar Estimates With Rain Gauge Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radar Data Analyses for a Single Rainfall Event and Their Application for Flow Simulation in an Urban Catchment Using the SWMM Model

Barszcz

2018

Water

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The disadvantage of radar measurements is that the obtained rainfall data is imprecise. Therefore, the use of radar data in hydrological applications usually requires correction. The main aim of the study was to verify and optimize various methods of estimating the rainfall depths for single events based on radar data, as well as determining their influence on the values of peak flow and outflow volume of hydrographs simulated using the SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) hydrodynamic model. Regression analyses were used to find a relationship between the rain gauge rainfall rate R and radar reflectivity Z for the urban catchment of the Służewiecki Stream in Warsaw, Poland. Five methods for determining calculational values of radar reflectivity in reference to specific rainfall cells with 1 km resolution within an event duration were applied. Moreover, the correction coefficient for data from the SRI (Surface Rainfall Intensity) product was established. The Z-R relationships determined in this study offer much better rainfall rate estimation as compared to Marshall-Palmer’s relationship. Different scenarios were applied to investigate the stream response to changes in rainfall depths estimated on the basis of radar data, in which the data both for 2 existing, as well as 64 virtual, rain gauges assigned to appropriate rainfall cells in the catchment were included. Relatively good agreement was achieved between the measured parameters of the hydrograph of flows and those simulated in response to rainfall depths which had been calculated for single events using the correction coefficient and the determined Z-R relationships. Radar estimates of rainfall depths based on the tested methods can be used as input data to the SWMM model for the purpose of simulating flows in the investigated urban catchment.

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“…Growing populations and economies are driving expansion of urban built-up areas in the form of urbanization across the globe and, by 2050, over 70% of the world’s population is expected to live in urban areas [ 1 ]. As urbanization progresses, urban land use changes, augmenting the area of impervious surfaces and, as a consequence, reducing infiltration during storm events and increasing direct runoff that eventually alters urban hydrologic processes [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Large volumes of direct runoff generally increase the frequency and grade of flooding, which increases potential property damage [ 2 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Impact of Urbanization on Direct Runoff Using Improved Composite CN Method in a Large Urban Area

Liu

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Urbanization is one of the most widespread anthropogenic activities, which brings a range of physical and biochemical changes to hydrological system and processes. Increasing direct runoff caused by land use change has become a major challenge for urban ecological security. Reliable prediction of the quantity and rate of surface runoff is an inherently difficult and time-consuming task for large ungauged urban areas. In this study, we combined Geographic Information System and remote sensing technology with an improved Soil Conservation Service curve number model to evaluate the effects of land use change on direct runoff volume of the four-ring area in Shenyang, China, and analyzed trends of direct runoff at different scales. Through analyzing trends of direct runoff from 1984 to 2015 at different scales, we explored how urbanization and other potential factors affect direct runoff changes. Total direct runoff volume increased over time, and trends varied from the inner urban area to suburban area. Zones 1 and 2 had a tendency toward decreasing direct runoff volume and risks, while Zones 3 and 4 showed gradual increases at both regional and pixel scales. The most important influence on direct runoff change was urban surface change caused by urbanization. This study presents a framework for identifying hotspots of runoff increase, which can provide important guidance to urban managers in future green infrastructure planning, in the hopes of improving the security of urban water ecological patterns.

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Modeling the Quality and Quantity of Runoff in a Highly Urbanized Catchment Using Storm Water Management Model

Cited by 28 publications

References 16 publications

Evaluating the Hydrologic Performance of Low Impact Development Scenarios in a Micro Urban Catchment

Evaluating the Hydrologic Performance of Low Impact Development Scenarios in a Micro Urban Catchment

Radar Data Analyses for a Single Rainfall Event and Their Application for Flow Simulation in an Urban Catchment Using the SWMM Model

Assessing the Impact of Urbanization on Direct Runoff Using Improved Composite CN Method in a Large Urban Area

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