Modeling the Spatial Distribution of Cancer and Determining the Associated Risk Factors

Abstract

Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. Despite developing countries including Ethiopia continuing to shoulder the greatest burden, insufficient research has been conducted to determine geographical and other characteristic effects. The main objective of this study was to assess the distribution and risk of cancer and determine the effects of some common clinical patient characteristics on current patient status by taking into account the spatial effect. Methods: The data for this study were obtained from the oncology ward of Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. About 415 cancer patients were included in the study. Spatial mixed ordinal logistic regression model was used to explore the geographical patterns of the incidence of cancer and identify the risk factors. Results: The findings of this study show that only 1.45% of patients were cured and 46.02% improved, whereas the rest have shown no change and even worse status after treatment. The estimated odds of patients who received chemotherapy was 4.284 times the estimated odds of patients who received palliative care. Prognostic factor (stage of cancer tumor), complication of cancer such as anemia during diagnosis, and treatment of patients given in the hospital had significant effect on the patient status. Conclusion: Patients without anemia were more likely to be cured and improved than patients with anemia during diagnosis. Most of the patients had advanced stage (IV) of cancer tumor, which dismantles the capability of the treatment to be less effective. There was negative spatial effect on the incidence of cancer, indicating that districts with higher cancer incidence were usually surrounded by districts with lower incidence.

Survival analysis of women breast cancer patients in Northwest Amhara, Ethiopia

“…Since, for the category of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy, the accelerated factor is greater than one, rather than gating only chemotherapy treatment, gating both chemotherapy and hormonal therapy treatment increases the survival time of BC patients. In line with (50), for breast cancer patients, in addition to chemotherapy, using additional treatments like surgery, radiotherapy, or hormonal therapy is likely to reduce the patient's death.…”

Lung cancer mortality and associated predictors: systematic review using 32 scientific research findings

“…Cancer is a chronic disease brought on by mutations to the genes that control our cells’ functions, particularly their growth and division, which results in uncontrolled cell growth and division that forms malignant tumors and spreads to nearby organs ( 1 ). In 2015, the Global Burden of Disease Cancer study found that, with 8 million deaths, cancer was the second greatest cause of death worldwide, with cardiovascular illnesses taking the top spot ( 2 ).…”

“…According to 2018 World Cancer statistics, there were an estimated 18 million cancer cases around the world, of which 9.5 million cases were males and 8.5 million in females ( 3 ). Recently National Cancer Institute showed that there are more than 100 types of cancer which are usually named for the organs or tissues where the cancers form ( 2 , 4 ). With 2,093,876 cases or 12.3% of the total, lung cancer is the first and most often diagnosed cancer worldwide.…”

“…With 2,093,876 cases or 12.3% of the total, lung cancer is the first and most often diagnosed cancer worldwide. Among the top five most frequently diagnosed cancers, breast (2,088,849 cases, 12.2% of the total), colorectal (1,800,977 cases, 10% of the total), prostate (1,276,106 cases, 9.8% of the total), and stomach (1,033,701 cases, 5% of the total) are ranked second, third, fourth, and fifth, respectively ( 2 ). As a result, this study was focused on a meta-analysis of mortality-related risk factors of lung cancer.…”