Modeling the thermodynamic properties of sodium chloride in steam through extended corresponding states

The system H2O–NaCl. Part I: Correlation formulae for phase relations in temperature–pressure–composition space from 0 to 1000°C, 0 to 5000bar, and 0 to 1 XNaCl

“…A number of equation of state representations have been developed and suggested for this system (e.g., Haas, 1970;Rogers and Pitzer, 1982;Pitzer et al, 1984;Bischoff and Rosenbauer, 1985;Bodnar, 1985;Clarke and Glew, 1985;Pitzer and Pabalan, 1986;Pitzer and Schreiber, 1987;Gallagher and Levelt Sengers, 1988;Tanger and Pitzer, 1989;Hovey et al, 1990;Lvov and Wood, 1990;Archer, 1992a,b;Sterner et al, 1992;Anderko and Pitzer, 1993a,b;Pitzer and Sterner, 1993;Pitzer and Jiang, 1996;Povodyrev et al, 1997Povodyrev et al, , 1999Palliser and McKibbin, 1998a,b,c;Thiéry and Dubessy, 1998;Oscarson et al, 2001Oscarson et al, , 2004Sedlbauer and Wood, 2004;Liu et al, 2006). However, all of these are limited in their range of validity and frequently provide accurate data only for a limited number of properties.…”

The system H2O–NaCl. Part II: Correlations for molar volume, enthalpy, and isobaric heat capacity from 0 to 1000°C, 1 to 5000bar, and 0 to 1 XNaCl

“…A number of authors have put major effort into the design of reliable equations of state for the system H 2 O-NaCl (e.g., Haas, 1970;Rogers and Pitzer, 1982;Pitzer et al, 1984;Bischoff and Rosenbauer, 1985;Clarke and Glew, 1985;Pitzer and Pabalan, 1986;Pitzer and Schreiber, 1987;Gallagher and Levelt Sengers, 1988;Tanger and Pitzer, 1989;Lvov and Wood, 1990;Archer, 1992;Anderko and Pitzer, 1993;Pitzer and Sterner, 1993;Pitzer and Jiang, 1996;Povodyrev et al, 1997;Palliser and McKibbin, 1998a,b,c;Thiéry and Dubessy, 1998;Anisimov and Sengers, 2000;Oscarson et al, 2001Oscarson et al, , 2004Myers et al, 2003;Sedlbauer and Wood, 2004;Liu et al, 2006), but the range of validity of most of these is too restricted to make them useful for flow simulations that investigate systems over wide ranges of temperature, pressure, composition, and phase state of the fluid. The only model that covers the whole T, P, and X NaCl range of interest (Palliser and McKibbin, 1998a,b,c) shows unphysical features in some parts of the phase diagram, including negative heat capacities of saline fluids near the critical temperature of water.…”

Vapor pressures of aqueous KCl and MgCl2 solutions from 273.16 to 643.15K

“…Vapor pressures of aqueous electrolyte solutions at elevated temperatures have been correlated by the extended Debye-Hückel equation [1], equations of state (e.g., [2][3][4]), or the corresponding state equations (e.g., [5,6]). The extended Debye-Hückel equation such as the Pitzer equation has been used for many aqueous electrolyte solutions mainly below 573.15 K [1].…”