Modeling the toxicity of pollutants mixtures for risk assessment: a review

Bureš, Marija Sigurnjak; Cvetnić, Matija; Miloloža, Martina; Grgić, Dajana Kučić; Markić, Marinko; Kušić, Hrvoje; Bolanča, Tomislav; Rogošić, Marko; Ukić, Šime

doi:10.1007/s10311-020-01107-5

Cited by 39 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…Likewise, both approaches are limited to available weighting factors (ToxCast ACC and human-health benchmarks, respectively) and assume cumulative effects are reasonably approximated by concentration addition. 83 , 85 , 147 The Σ EAR approach 29 , 48 leverages high-throughput exposure-effects data for the 10,000 + organics and approximately 1000 vertebrate-cell-line molecular endpoints 148 , 149 in the invitroDBv3.2 release 150 of the ToxCast database to estimate potential cumulative activity at sensitive and possibly more protective sublethal molecular endpoints but has limited to no coverage of inorganic contaminants and unknown transferability to organ/organism scales. 151 Importantly, the approach employed here aggregates contaminant bioactivity ratios across all endpoints without restriction to recognized modes of action as a precautionary screening for further investigation of potential effects but may not accurately reflect the apical effects that typically drive regulatory risk assessments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tapwater Exposures, Effects Potential, and Residential Risk Management in Northern Plains Nations

et al. 2022

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In the United States (US), private-supply tapwater (TW) is rarely monitored. This data gap undermines individual/community risk-management decision-making, leading to an increased probability of unrecognized contaminant exposures in rural and remote locations that rely on private wells. We assessed point-of-use (POU) TW in three northern plains Tribal Nations, where ongoing TW arsenic (As) interventions include expansion of small community water systems and POU adsorptive-media treatment for Strong Heart Water Study participants. Samples from 34 private-well and 22 public-supply sites were analyzed for 476 organics, 34 inorganics, and 3 in vitro bioactivities. 63 organics and 30 inorganics were detected. Arsenic, uranium (U), and lead (Pb) were detected in 54%, 43%, and 20% of samples, respectively. Concentrations equivalent to public-supply maximum contaminant level(s) (MCL) were exceeded only in untreated private-well samples (As 47%, U 3%). Precautionary health-based screening levels were exceeded frequently, due to inorganics in private supplies and chlorine-based disinfection byproducts in public supplies. The results indicate that simultaneous exposures to co-occurring TW contaminants are common, warranting consideration of expanded source, point-of-entry, or POU treatment(s). This study illustrates the importance of increased monitoring of private-well TW, employing a broad, environmentally informative analytical scope, to reduce the risks of unrecognized contaminant exposures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tapwater Exposures, Effects Potential, and Residential Risk Management in Northern Plains Nations

et al. 2022

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“…Nevertheless, bearing in mind that a certain percentage of the population takes medicines every day, human daily life is one of the most important sources of pharmaceuticals in wastewater. Up to 2020, 350 000 chemicals and mixtures of chemicals have been registered for production and use (Wang et al 2020); thereby, a mixture of pharmaceuticals together with other pollutants is present in the wastewater, with an unrecognized toxic potential (Sigurnjak Bureš et al 2021).…”

Section: Wastewater Treatment Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to decrease pharmaceuticals in the environment? A review

Caban

Stepnowski

2021

Environ Chem Lett

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The global problem of the presence of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals in the environment is under investigation. Despite the increase in the knowledge of its sources, fates and impacts, the assessment of risks and the derived prevention actions are limited to single cases. The predicted increasing trend in the usage of pharmaceuticals forces the various parties involved to think about comprehensive mitigation actions. There are many areas of daily human life and industrial operations where such actions should take place. Thereby, in the presented review, such actions were summarized and divided into the following groups: A. design, synthesis and production of pharmaceuticals, B. prescription, sales and waste handling, C. control of the sources with advanced technologies. As the total amount of proposed actions was found to be quite high, a ranking according to the term of effects was proposed using the pyramid of needs. The advantages of actions taken in the first steps of the pharmaceutical life cycle (acting on the upstream) over end-of-pipe actions and the application of advanced technologies (the downstream option) were discussed, with reference to expert opinions.

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“…The results were indeed confirmed as we did two independent experiments. The antagonistic response might result in the reduced toxicity on earthworms [48]. There is no evidence of metribuzin:halosulfuron and metribuzin:flumioxazin interaction in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Survival Response of Earthworm (Eisenia fetida L.) to Individual and Binary Mixtures of Herbicides

Kalkhoran

Abad

Streibig

et al. 2022

Toxics

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Frequent use of herbicides may impose a risk on non-target species. The objective was to test the combined toxic effect of binary herbicide mixtures—metribuzin:halosulfuron and metribuzin:flumioxazin—on non-target earthworms in two test systems: filter paper and a soil toxicity test system. The joint action experiments were independently run twice to substantiate the findings. The most potent individual herbicide was metribuzin, with a 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of 17.17 µg ai. cm−2 at 48 h in the filter paper test. The toxicity of the individual herbicides on the filter paper test was ranked as metribuzin>halosulfuron>flumioxazin. In the soil test, metribuzin and halosulfuron had high toxicity with an LC50 of 8.48 and 10.08 mg ai. kg−1, respectively, on day 14. Thus, the individual herbicide ranking did not change between the filter paper and artificial soil tests. The herbicide’s mixed effect in both test systems showed a consistent antagonistic effect relative to a Concentration Addition reference model. It indicates that the mixtures retracted the herbicide’s action in the earthworms.

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Modeling the toxicity of pollutants mixtures for risk assessment: a review

Cited by 39 publications

References 136 publications

Tapwater Exposures, Effects Potential, and Residential Risk Management in Northern Plains Nations

Tapwater Exposures, Effects Potential, and Residential Risk Management in Northern Plains Nations

How to decrease pharmaceuticals in the environment? A review

The Survival Response of Earthworm (Eisenia fetida L.) to Individual and Binary Mixtures of Herbicides

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