Modeling the underwater light field fluctuations in coastal oceanic waters: Validation with experimental data

Sundarabalan, Balasubramanian; Shanmugam, Palanisamy; Ahn, Yu-Hwan

doi:10.1007/s12601-016-0007-y

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Within aquatic environments, peak sensitivity of the LWS receptor was greater for species from turbid water compared to those from shallow, clear water or deep water. Turbid waters tend to have a higher proportion of long wavelength light compared to clear water because the suspended particles attenuate shorter wavelengths (Jones et al., 2021 ; Sundarabalan et al., 2016 ). Numerous studies have documented that species inhabiting turbid waters tend to have red‐shifted photoreceptors compared to species in clear waters (Carleton, 2009 ; Carleton et al., 2020 ; Corbo, 2021 ; Lythgoe et al., 1994 ; Nagloo et al., 2016 ) and many of these species achieve this by changing the chromophore used or the ratio of A1/A2 chromophores (Corbo, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red vision in animals is broadly associated with lighting environment but not types of visual task

Margetts,

Stuart‐Fox,

Franklin

2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Red sensitivity is the exception rather than the norm in most animal groups. Among species with red sensitivity, there is substantial variation in the peak wavelength sensitivity (λmax) of the long wavelength sensitive (LWS) photoreceptor. It is unclear whether this variation can be explained by visual tuning to the light environment or to visual tasks such as signalling or foraging. Here, we examine long wavelength sensitivity across a broad range of taxa showing diversity in LWS photoreceptor λmax: insects, crustaceans, arachnids, amphibians, reptiles, fish, sharks and rays. We collated a list of 161 species with physiological evidence for a photoreceptor sensitive to red wavelengths (i.e. λmax ≥ 550 nm) and for each species documented abiotic and biotic factors that may be associated with peak sensitivity of the LWS photoreceptor. We found evidence supporting visual tuning to the light environment: terrestrial species had longer λmax than aquatic species, and of these, species from turbid shallow waters had longer λmax than those from clear or deep waters. Of the terrestrial species, diurnal species had longer λmax than nocturnal species, but we did not detect any differences across terrestrial habitats (closed, intermediate or open). We found no association with proxies for visual tasks such as having red morphological features or utilising flowers or coral reefs. These results support the emerging consensus that, in general, visual systems are broadly adapted to the lighting environment and diverse visual tasks. Links between visual systems and specific visual tasks are commonly reported, but these likely vary among species and do not lead to general patterns across species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red vision in animals is broadly associated with lighting environment but not types of visual task

Margetts,

Stuart‐Fox,

Franklin

2024

Ecology and Evolution

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“…The nett effect of the attenuation at both ends of the PAR spectrum was to monochromate the light with increasing depth, shifting the peak in the underwater spectrum 100 nm to the greenyellow waveband peaking at >575 nm. The shift is a well-known characteristic of turbid water (Van Duin et al, 2001;Mobley et al, 2004;Sundarabalan et al, 2016) and the loss of blue light is significant for corals as green-yellow light is poorly absorbed and hence less useful for photosynthesis (Morel, 1978(Morel, , 1991. The implications are that sediment resuspension events in the inner GBR can result in a loss of light quantity and quality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underwater Light Characteristics of Turbid Coral Reefs of the Inner Central Great Barrier Reef

et al. 2021

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Hyper-spectral and multi-spectral light sensors were used to examine the effects of elevated suspended sediment concentration (SSC) on the quantity and quality (spectral changes) of underwater downwelling irradiance in the turbid-zone coral reef communities of the inner, central Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Under elevated SSCs the shorter blue wavelengths were preferentially attenuated which together with attenuation of longer red wavelengths by pure water shifted the peak in the underwater irradiance spectrum ~100 nm to the less photosynthetically useful green-yellow waveband (peaking at ~575 nm). The spectral changes were attributed to mineral and detrital content of the terrestrially-derived coastal sediments as opposed to chromophoric (coloured) dissolved organic matter (CDOM). A simple blue to green (B/G, λ455:555 nm) ratio was shown to be useful in detecting sediment (turbidity) related decreases in underwater light as opposed to those associated with clouds which acted as neutral density filters. From a series of vertical profiles through turbid water, a simple, multiple component empirical optical model was developed that could accurately predict the light reduction and associated spectral changes as a function of SSC and water depth for a turbid-zone coral reef community of the inner GBR. The relationship was used to assess the response of a light sensitive coral, Pocillopora verrucosa in a 28-d exposure laboratory-based exposure study to a daily light integral of 1 or 6 mol quanta m2. PAR with either a broad spectrum or a green-yellow shifted spectrum. Light reduction resulted in a loss of the algal symbionts (zooxanthellae) of the corals (bleaching) and significant reduction in growth and lipid content. The 6 mol quanta m2 d−1 PAR treatment with a green-yellow spectrum also resulted in a reduction in the algal density, Chl a content per cm2, lipids and growth compared to the same PAR daily light integral under a broad spectrum. Turbid zone coral reef communities are naturally light limited and given the frequency of sediment resuspension events that occur, spectral shifts are a common and previously unrecognised circumstance. Dedicated underwater light monitoring programs and further assessment of the spectral shifts by suspended sediments are essential for contextualising and further understanding the risk of enhanced sediment run-off to the inshore turbid water communities.

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“…Three field surveys were performed in Lake Chaohu in 2013 (28 May,(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) July, and 10-12 October) [7]. Water samples were obtained from 9 depths (surface, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.7, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 m) using an ad hoc vertical collection device.…”

Section: Field-measured Datasetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apparent optical properties (AOPs) are optical properties that depend on IOPs and ambient light [23]. The underwater light field depends on the sun's position, the wavelength of light, the scattering and absorption properties of water constitutes, water depth, aerosols, roughness of water surface, and cloud conditions [23,24]. The radiative transfer equation (RTE) provides a connection between IOPs and AOPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Weighting Average Functions as a Simplification of the Radiative Transfer Simulation in Vertically Inhomogeneous Eutrophic Waters

Xue

2019

Applied Sciences

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Current water color remote sensing algorithms typically do not consider the vertical variations of phytoplankton. Ecolight with a radiative transfer program was used to simulate the underwater light field of vertical inhomogeneous waters based on the optical properties of a eutrophic lake (i.e., Lake Chaohu, China). Results showed that the vertical distribution of chlorophyll-a (Chla(z)) can considerably affect spectrum shape and magnitude of apparent optical properties (AOPs), including subsurface remote sensing reflectance in water (rrs(λ, z)) and the diffuse attenuation coefficient (Kx(λ, z)). The vertical variations of Chla(z) changed the spectrum shapes of rrs(λ, z) at the green and red wavelengths with a maximum value at approximately 590 nm, and changed the Kx(λ, z) from blue to red wavelength range with no obvious spectral variation. The difference between rrs(λ, z) at depth z m and its asymptotic value (Δrrs(λ, z)) could reach to ~78% in highly stratified waters. Diffuse attenuation coefficient of downwelling plane irradiance (Kd(λ, z)) had larger vertical variations, especially near water surface, in highly stratified waters. Three weighting average functions performed well in less stratified waters, and the weighting average function proposed by Zaneveld et al., (2005) performed best in highly stratified waters. The total contribution of the first three layers to rrs(λ, 0−) was approximately 90%, but the contribution of each layer in the water column to rrs(λ, 0−) varied with wavelength, vertical distribution of Chla(z) profiles, concentration of suspended particulate inorganic matter (SPIM), and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM). A simple stratified remote sensing reflectance model considering the vertical distribution of phytoplankton was built based on the contribution of each layer to rrs(λ, 0−).

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Modeling the underwater light field fluctuations in coastal oceanic waters: Validation with experimental data

Cited by 9 publications

References 43 publications

Red vision in animals is broadly associated with lighting environment but not types of visual task

Red vision in animals is broadly associated with lighting environment but not types of visual task

Underwater Light Characteristics of Turbid Coral Reefs of the Inner Central Great Barrier Reef

Evaluation of Weighting Average Functions as a Simplification of the Radiative Transfer Simulation in Vertically Inhomogeneous Eutrophic Waters

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