Modeling the vapor source term associated with the spill of LNG into a sump or impoundment area

Ponchaut, Nicolas F.; Kytomaa, Harri; Morrison, Delmar “Trey”; Chernovsky, Melissa K.

doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2011.06.020

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The second is driven by the contribution of heat exchange by conduction, which becomes negligible in the stationary phase. In this regard, detailed discussions on the effects of the initial wetting and cool-down of the containing vessel on the evaporation rate of cryogenic liquids can be found in the literature [60]. Quite obviously, this aspect is potentially largely affected by the thermal properties of the substrate considered in the analysis.…”

Section: Evaporationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Medium-Scale Accidental Releases of LNG

Mocellin

Pio

Carboni

et al. 2023

Fire

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The need for sustainable energy sources has recently promoted the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a low-carbon fuel. Although economic evaluations indicate the transportation of LNG as a convenient solution for long distances between markets and reservoirs, several concerns are still present regarding its safe use and transportation. The preliminary evaluations performed in this work indicate that credible releases deriving from real bunkering operations result in pools having a diameter smaller than 1 m, which has been poorly investigated so far. Hence, an experimental campaign devoted to the characterization of a medium-scale release of LNG was carried out either in the presence or absence of an ignition source. An evaporation rate of 0.005 kg s−1 m−2 was collected for the non-reactive scenario, whereas the measured burning rate was 0.100 kg s−1 m−2. The reduction factor of 20 demonstrates the inaccuracy in the commonly adopted assumption of equality between these values for the LNG pool. Flame morphology was characterized quantitatively and qualitatively, showing a maximum ratio between flame height and flame diameter equal to 2.5 and temperatures up to 1100 K in the proximity of the flame.

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Section: Evaporationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Medium-Scale Accidental Releases of LNG

Mocellin

Pio

Carboni

et al. 2023

Fire

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“…In practice, in the event of a LNG spill onshore, the receiving terminals are designed to direct the spill toward a sump or impoundment area where a LNG pool is formed. 168 To study the dispersion of natural gas clouds evolving from LNG pools in trenches, Melton et al 169 deployed a fire dynamics simulator, a CFD model originally developed from modeling thermally driven fluid flow behavior during fires in a 450 000 m 3 capacity LNG import terminal. The focus was on the effect of the substrate material and the terrain, via varying the combination of medium-density concrete, spill into trench and flowing to impoundment, and direct spill into impoundment.…”

Section: Energy and Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering LNG spill and dispersion into a sump or impoundment, Ponchaut et al 168 solved the shallow water equations (SWEs). Unlike the integral models, SWEs account for the pool thickness distribution and the growth of the pool with time, using a one-dimensional Fourier conduction equation for modeling the heat transfer.…”

Section: Energy and Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most field studies, with the exception of the Falcon trials, of LNG dispersion are in unobstructed conditions. In practice, in the event of a LNG spill onshore, the receiving terminals are designed to direct the spill toward a sump or impoundment area where a LNG pool is formed . To study the dispersion of natural gas clouds evolving from LNG pools in trenches, Melton et al deployed a fire dynamics simulator, a CFD model originally developed from modeling thermally driven fluid flow behavior during fires in a 450 000 m 3 capacity LNG import terminal.…”

Section: Lng Spill Vapor Production Dispersion and Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Some Recent Advances in Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Production, Spill, Dispersion, and Safety

Ikealumba

2014

Energy Fuels

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The global demand of liquefied natural gas (LNG) has risen rapidly in recent years for the reasons of energy security and sustainable development. This has led to considerable recent research interests and efforts in the LNG production chain and associated risks in handling, storage, and transport of LNG, largely driven by the intrinsic process safety issues of LNG, potential terrorist threats, and public confidence in LNG safety. This review presents an overview on some recent advances in the LNG value chain, covering upstream gas production and gathering, liquefaction, shipping, and regasification processes. Recent developments in the experimentation and modeling of LNG spills associated with the LNG value chain are then summarized, covering the events following a LNG spill, including LNG pool formation, vapor dispersion, and combustion. The consequent hazards and safety issues are also discussed, with a focus on the methods for improving the safety of personnel, facilities, and ships. The key technical gaps in the related research areas have been identified, and future research directions are outlined.

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“…• Protección frente a dispersión pesada de vapores. Existe una estrategia ampliamente extendida consistente en la implantación de barreras de mitigación (Tchouvelev et al, 2007;Ponchaut et al, 2011;Busini et al, 2012). En algunas condiciones, la barrera puede empeorar el escenario de dispersión.…”

Section: Barreras De Seguridad Y Protecciónunclassified

Contribución al desarrollo de factores de configuración de bolas de fuego con presencia de obstáculos

Bonilla Martínez

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Fire is the most common phenomenon that characterizes major accidents that take place in both industrial establishments and in the transport of dangerous goods by road and rail. The formation of a fireball, with or without a BLEVE, is characterized by the strong emission of thermal radiation, capable of causing lethal damage and irreversible injuries to people located at a significant distance. Although the knowledge about this type of accident has improved substantially, are still occurring eventually, so it is necessary to develop proposals aimed at reducing the effects of their consequences. This thesis has as main objective the development of new configuration factors between a fireball and a vulnerable target, considering the shadow effect of a third surface interposed between them. This approach defines a scenario of great practical utility, such as it is the implementation of physical barriers, not considered so far for the prediction of the consequences of major accidents of fireballs over their surroundings. In the literature review, no references has been found related with the raised hypothesis, so it will be in this research the first time they are published, for two particular cases: aboveground and elevated fireball. A novel mathematical method has been developed to determine the configuration factor under the conditions described above, which provides accurate results with reduced execution time and computational cost. Moreover, mathematical equations have been derived, through a semi-analytical method, that allow an acceptable approximation of these factors. The results of this research have allowed the development of a new mathematical model of dynamic fireball considering the shadow effect, whose m a in novelty is that the transitory regime of the fireball evolves through different regions in which the relative visibility can be total, partial and null. Physical barrier design criteria are established to limit the effects of thermal radiation, which until now was limited to walls designed to withstand the shock wave and the hypothetical impact of fragments. It can be integrated into risk analysis methodologies related to land use planning. In summary, this thesis provides knowledge and tools on an effect not considered so far El incendio es el fenómeno más frecuente que caracteriza a los accidentes graves que tienen lugar tanto en establecimientos industriales como en el transporte de mercancías peligrosas por carretera y ferrocarril. La formación de una bola de fuego, aislada o como parte de una BLEVE, se caracteriza por la emisión de una intensa radiación térmica, capaz de causar daños letales e irreversibles a personas situadas a una distancia significativa. A pesar de que el conocimiento acerca de este tipo de accidente ha mejorado de forma sustancial, se siguen produciendo eventualmente, por lo que es necesario desarrollar propuestas encaminadas a reducir los efectos de sus consecuencias. Esta tesis tiene como objetivo principal el desarrollo de factores de configuración entre una bola de fuego y un receptor vulnerable, considerando el efecto sombra que ejerce una tercera superficie interpuesta entre ambos. Este planteamiento define un escenario de gran utilidad práctica, como es la implantación de barreras físicas, no considerado hasta el momento para la predicción de las consecuencias de accidentes graves con bolas de fuego sobre su entorno próximo. No se han encontrado en la bibliografía factores de configuración para la hipótesis planteada, por lo que será en esta tesis la primera vez que se publiquen, para dos casos particulares: de bola de fuego a ras de suelo y elevada. Se ha desarrollado un método matemático propio para determinar el factor de configuración en las condiciones descritas anteriormente, que proporciona unos resultados de gran precisión, con reducido tiempo de ejecución y coste computacional. También se han obtenido ecuaciones matemáticas, a través de un método semi-analítico, que permiten realizar una aproximación aceptable de dichos factores. Los resultados de esta investigación han permitido desarrollar un nuevo modelo matemático de bola de fuego dinámica considerando el efecto sombra, cuya principal novedad es que el régimen transitorio de la bola de fuego evoluciona a través de diferentes regiones en las que la visibilidad relativa puede ser nula, parcial y total. Se establecen criterios de diseño de barreras físicas para limitar los efectos de la radiación térmica, conocimiento que hasta el momento se limitaba a muros diseñados para resistir la onda de choque y el hipotético impacto de fragmentos. Puede integrarse en metodologías de análisis del riesgo relacionadas con la planificación del uso del suelo. En síntesis, esta tesis proporciona conocimientos y herramientas sobre un efecto no considerado hasta el momento

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Modeling the vapor source term associated with the spill of LNG into a sump or impoundment area

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Characterization of Medium-Scale Accidental Releases of LNG

Characterization of Medium-Scale Accidental Releases of LNG

Some Recent Advances in Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Production, Spill, Dispersion, and Safety

Contribución al desarrollo de factores de configuración de bolas de fuego con presencia de obstáculos

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