Modeling three-phase saturable transformers for real-time simulation

Ke, Xinhua; Ionutiu, R Roxana

doi:10.1109/iecon.2014.7049063

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Data on iron losses in the saturation region at high flux densities are not available in the catalog, so they are obtained using linear interpolation. The Piecewise Linear Saturation Model [24,92,93] is commonly employed to calculate steel losses and account for the saturation phenomenon. This model only requires values for the saturation curve, which are specified for each steel grade.…”

Section: Approaches To the Calculation Of Transformer Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Modeling Approaches for Conjugate Heat Transfer Processes in Oil-Immersed Transformers

Smolyanov,

Shmakov,

Butusov

et al. 2024

Computation

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This review addresses the modeling approaches for heat transfer processes in oil-immersed transformer. Electromagnetic, thermal, and hydrodynamic thermal fields are identified as the most critical aspects in describing the state of the transformer. The paper compares the implementation complexity, calculation time, and details of the results for different approaches to creating a mathematical model, such as circuit-based models and finite element and finite volume methods. Examples of successful model implementation are provided, along with the features of oil-immersed transformer modeling. In addition, the review considers the strengths and limitations of the considered models in relation to creating a digital twin of a transformer. The review concludes that it is not feasible to create a universal model that accounts for all the features of physical processes in an oil-immersed transformer, operates in real time for a digital twin, and provides the required accuracy at the same time. The conducted research shows that joint modeling of electromagnetic and thermal processes, reducing the dimensionality of models, provides the most comprehensive solution to the problem.

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Section: Approaches To the Calculation Of Transformer Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Modeling Approaches for Conjugate Heat Transfer Processes in Oil-Immersed Transformers

Smolyanov,

Shmakov,

Butusov

et al. 2024

Computation

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“…It has three sections, where Section 1 is the linear part of the inductor's magnetization, and Sections 2 and 3 are the saturated ones. The transition from Section 1 to Sections 2 and 3 is done by closing the switch and adding L m2 in FIGURE 4 i-u curve of an ideal switch [4] parallel to L m1 . By increasing the number of parallel switched inductances, the error of the saturation characteristic could be decreased.…”

Section: Modelling the Saturable Magnetizing Inductancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The switches are presented by an ideal switch model as proposed in ref. [4]. Figure 4 shows characteristics of an ideal switch.…”

Section: Electric Equivalent Circuit Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of modelling techniques of power transformers for digital real‐time simulation

Islam

Musil

Shohan

et al. 2022

The Journal of Engineering

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This task‐force paper documents and summarizes the models of power transformers that have been proposed, used, and validated in the exercise of digital real‐time simulation. Power transformer is one of the most important equipment in power systems, and its modelling for electromagnetic transient simulation has evolved over time, especially in the area of real‐time simulation. The focus of the paper is to document and archive the models that have been well accepted and used for transient analysis in digital real‐time simulation so that readers can use it as a master document for transformer modelling in real‐time simulation studies. It includes both conventional and specialized models of power transformers that have been broadly acknowledged by the power engineering community. The models provided here come with detailed mathematical representation and their implementation techniques. A comparative study is also performed to illustrate the differences in their performances. In the end, an application guideline has been provided to guide the readers to select the appropriate model for their study.

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“…Reference [12] suggests an equivalent scheme for determining multiwinding transformerleakage inductances. The mathematical model proposed by [13] enables the simulation of three-phase saturating transformers. An equivalent scheme for the real-time simulation of nonlinear power transformers was developed in detail in [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An equivalent scheme for the real-time simulation of nonlinear power transformers was developed in detail in [14]. However, the models of [12][13][14] require a significant amount of initial data, thus making these models unsuitable for practical purposes, in particular, when these data should be received from working transformers. Moreover, output of certain models cannot be used to implement relay protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Model of a Nonlinear Power Transformer for Needs of Relay Protection

Kolesnikov,

Novozhilov,

Rakhimberdinova

et al. 2024

Energies

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In this work, a mathematical model of a three-phase nonlinear transformer is suggested. The model enables simulating the transformer operation with allowance for its nonlinearity and covers needs of the relay protection. Our model has been developed on the basis of a mathematical model with phase coordinates, where differential equations are composed by the Kirchhoff’s phase-voltage law. Based on this model, we first compose a mathematical model for simulating steady-state operation modes of a transformer, taking into account the asymmetry and nonlinearity of its ferromagnetic core. In this model, the initial values of inductances and mutual inductances of loops are determined from the main phase inductance calculated by the experimentally found no-load current, and their current values are determined from the currents in windings and the magnetic fluxes in legs of the transformer core. The magnetic fluxes are calculated by the nodal-pair method. This improved mathematical model is verified through a comparison between the calculated harmonic components of the phase currents and the experimental results. The harmonic components are calculated with the use of Fourier expansion of the calculated phase currents. Their experimental values are determined with a spectrum analyzer. The calculated and experimental harmonic components of the currents of phase A during no-load and rated-load operation of the transformer are tabulated. The comparison of these results shows that the mathematical model of a three-phase transformer we suggest makes it possible to simulate currents in transformer windings under steady-state operation modes with accuracy acceptable for relay protection.

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Modeling three-phase saturable transformers for real-time simulation

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Review of Modeling Approaches for Conjugate Heat Transfer Processes in Oil-Immersed Transformers

Review of Modeling Approaches for Conjugate Heat Transfer Processes in Oil-Immersed Transformers

A review of modelling techniques of power transformers for digital real‐time simulation

Mathematical Model of a Nonlinear Power Transformer for Needs of Relay Protection

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