Modeling TNT Ignition

Abstract

A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) ignition model was developed using data from multiple sources. The one-step, first-order, pressure-dependent mechanism was used to predict ignition behavior from small- and large-scale experiments involving significant fluid motion. Bubbles created from decomposition gases were shown to cause vigorous boiling. The forced mixing caused by these bubbles was not modeled adequately using only free liquid convection. Thorough mixing and ample contact of the reactive species indicated that the TNT decomposition products were in equilibrium. The effect of impurities on the reaction rate was the primary uncertainty in the decomposition model.

Density-Dependent Liquid Nitromethane Decomposition: Molecular Dynamics Simulations Based on ReaxFF

“…This implies that NM detonation is not expected to produce carbon soot or carbon clusters, unlike TATB 20 or trinitrotoluene (TNT). 26 An increasing exponential function (see eq 4) was fitted to the time evolution curves of these products in simulations where the final products approached saturation values. In Figure 16, simulation results and fitted curves are presented for various densities at 4000 K, and asymptotic amounts extracted per product are listed in Table 7.…”

Cookoff of Powdered and Pressed Explosives Using a Micromechanics Pressurization Model

“…The Sandia Instrumented Thermal Ignition (SITI) experiment has been used to measure thermal ignition in a variety of explosives such as AN (ammonium nitrate) [13], TNT (trinitrotoluene) [14], PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate) [15], HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazoncine) based explosives [16,17], RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) based explosives [18], Comp-B (60 : 40 RDX : TNT) [19], ɛ-CL-20…”

“…The Sandia Instrumented Thermal Ignition (SITI) experiment has been used to measure thermal ignition in a variety of explosives such as AN (ammonium nitrate) [13], TNT (trinitrotoluene) [14], PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate) [15], HMX (octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazoncine) based explosives [16,17], RDX (hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine) based explosives [18], Comp‐B (60 : 40 RDX : TNT) [19], ϵ‐CL‐20 (2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexanitro‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazaisowurtzitane) [20], black powder and smokeless powders [21]. We have used many varieties of the SITI experiment with various ullage and explosive volumes.…”

CFD Cook‐Off Simulation and Thermal Decomposition of Confined High Energetic Material

“…In order to validate this result, this approach and methodology was applied to as imilar cook-off experiment [11].T his is because real experiments which involve the actual projectile are hard to come-by as such experiments are dangerous and limited to authorized institutions. In their work, an amount of TNT was confined in as mall cylinder and subjectedt oaheating rate.…”

“…Though the validationw as made using FLUENT results and literature values obtained,t he explosive involved as well as the geometry wasn'tt he same as the one in this study. However almost similarg raph profile was recorded where there was an indication of thermalr unaway.T he workd one by Hobbs [11] soughtt oi nvestigate the convection effects and the non-convection phenomena whichc ontribute to the detonationo fc onfined energetic material. COMSOL Multi-physics CFD tool was employed in the execution of the simulation work.I nt heir studies TNT was heated in ac onfined geometry where the convection effects and the Abstract:T he handling, storagea nd safety before deployment of explosivesa re major key issues that confront the ammunition industry.P recautions have to be taken not to cause premature detonationsa nd fatal accidents by studying their thermalb ehaviour.R esearch has been conducted to investigate the thermal stability of some secondary explosives such as RDX, HMX and TNT and their response to thermal stimuli.…”