Modeling Traffic Accidents Caused by Random Misperception

Cooperative Intersection with Misperception in Partially Connected and Automated Traffic

“…Meanwhile, a safety constraint is set to m which limits the interval distance between two generated vehicles to avoid artificial accidents. As an accident occurs, the collided vehicle’s velocity is immediately set to 0 and the duration that the collided vehicles are removed from the road follows an exponential distribution, denoted by [ 26 ]. Note that other accidents may occur on this road at the same time and the removal time for different accident points are independent from each other.…”

“…The reason is that the sensor is significantly influenced by the weather or driving environment. To model vehicle behavior under these random perceptual errors, the IDM extension model was presented by bounding the maximal deceleration and introducing the random misperception, which can be given by [ 26 ] The first equation of Equation ( 6 ) limits the speed to be positive or zero, which ensures the authenticity of the extension IDM model. The second equation of Equation ( 6 ) gives the constraint of the minimal acceleration by , which avoids the unrealistic braking maneuvers to be executed by the vehicle.…”

“…For a traffic system, the traffic flow per time defines the number of vehicles that approached the intersection in a fixed period of time, which indicates the urban transportation efficiency. Based on [ 26 ], the traffic flow per time Q can be given by where denotes cardinality, M is the collection of vehicles, L is the length of the road, and is the simulation time, which allow all vehicles to pass the traffic intersection within the simulation time. The numerator is the total number of vehicles that successfully passed the intersection within the simulation time.…”

“…The reason is that the sensor is significantly influenced by the weather or driving environment. To model vehicle behavior under these random perceptual errors, the IDM extension model was presented by bounding the maximal deceleration and introducing the random misperception, which can be given by [26]…”

“…In [ 25 ], the authors propose that adding random offsets to the ideal velocity values calculated by the model can help the control system better cope with the real environment. Furthermore, the interaction between perceptual error and time headway on vehicles driving freely was studied in [ 26 ], and the results show that a smaller headway time distance exacerbates the effect of perceptual errors. The effect of vehicle perception error under multiple intersections was studied in [ 27 ], and the model captures the real world trade-off between safety and efficiency for potential future traffic systems.…”