Modeling trihalomethane formation for Jabal Amman water supply in Jordan

Abstract

A mathematical model that expresses Total trihalomethane (TTHM) concentration in terms of initial chlorine concentration, total organic carbon, bromide ion concentration, contact time, and pH is developed for Zai water treatment plant which supplies water to Jabal Amman. The developed mathematical model is for constant temperature of 20 • C. To adjust model calculated TTHM concentrations for temperatures other than 20 • C, another mathematical model that expresses TTHM growth rate as function of temperature is also developed. To test the ability of the two developed models in predicting TTHM concentrations throughout water supplies, a sampling program that aimed at measuring TTHM concentrations in addition to the predictors in the two developed mathematical models namely; chlorine concentration, bromide ion concentration, total organic carbon, temperature and pH throughout Jabal Amman water supply was conducted. The two developed mathematical models and WaterCad, which was used to determine water age, were used to predict TTHM concentrations throughout Jabal Amman water supply. Predicted TTHM concentrations were compared to actual TTHM concentrations measured during the sampling program. Results showed that there is good agreement between measured and, calculated TTHM concentrations, which means that the method presented in this paper, can be used to obtain good estimates of TTHM concentrations throughout networks.

Chlorination byproducts, their toxicodynamics and removal from drinking water

“…In the recent years much attention has been paid to develop predictive models in order to determine the production and the kinetics of DBP formation [19][20][21]. It is reported that the chlorination serves as oxidant in addition to kill the pathogens.…”

A Review on Formation and Decay Kinetics of Trihalomethanes in Water of Different Qualities

“…Since the different THM species have been first identified in chlorinated drinking water, many mathematical models have been developed worldwide to predict their concentrations and/or their formation potential for the ultimate objective of understanding their formation mechanisms and controlling their levels in chlorinated drinking water . Chowdhury et al , in a recent review article, mentioned that 118 different mathematical models that predict the concentrations of the different DBPs in finished drinking water are reported in 48 scientific publications.…”

Evidence of Bioactivation of Halomethanes and its Relation to Oxidative Stress Response in Chirostoma riojai, an Endangered Fish from a Polluted Lake in Mexico

“…Bromide was determined by the phenol red colorimetric method (American Public Health Association et al 1998b). Total HM content (THM) was estimated according to the methods of Al-Omari et al (2004) and Elshorbagy and Abdulkarim (2006 [Zn]) in water and sediment were determined by acid digestion followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry using the direct air-acetylene flame method (American Public Health Association et al 1998c) in a GBC 932 Plus spectrophotometer. Arsenic was evaluated by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (American Public Health Association et al 1998d) in a GBC GF3000 graphite furnace system coupled to the spectrophotometer.…”