Modeling Viscosity of High Titania Slag

Abstract

TiO2-FeO-Ti2O3 slag system is the dominant system for industrial high-titania slag production. In the present work, viscosities of TiO2-FeO and TiO2-FeO-Ti2O3 systems were experimentally determined using the concentric rotating cylinder method under argon atmosphere. A viscosity model suitable for the TiO2-FeO-Ti2O3 slag system was then established based on the modification of the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) equation. The experimental results indicate that completely melted high-titania slags exhibit very low viscosity of around 0.8 dPa s with negligible dependence on temperature and compositions. However, it increases dramatically with decreasing temperature slightly below the critical temperature. Besides, the increase in FeO content was found to remarkably lower the critical temperature, while the addition of Ti2O3 increases it. The developed model can predict the viscosities of the TiO2-FeO-Ti2O3 and TiO2-FeO systems over wide ranges of compositions and temperatures within experimental uncertainties. The average relative error for the present model calculation is < 18.82 pct, which is better than the previously developed models for silicate slags reported in the literature. An iso-viscosity distribution diagram was made for the TiO2-FeO-Ti2O3 slag system, which can serve as a roadmap for the Ilmenite smelting reduction process as well as the high titania slags tapping process.

Physicochemical properties and structure of titania-containing metallurgical slags: a review

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Thermally Activated Jamming in Ultrasonic Powder Compaction

“…This grain growth calculation was accurate even for a nanocrystalline Ag–W alloy designed to suppress grain growth, [ 36 ] suggesting plastic deformation during ultrasonic processing can mitigate effects that normally suppress grain growth, such as solute drag and Zener pinning. Following this same approach, we estimate the instantaneous grain size, D, within the compact during ultrasonic powder compaction by combining in situ temperature measurements with a grain growth equation [ 37 ] and integrating over the compaction cycle as follows:Here, D 0 is the initial grain size, n is the grain growth exponent, M 0 is the grain boundary mobility prefactor, Q is an activation energy, and k B is the Boltzmann constant. We set n = 4 and Q = 1 eV, consistent with values reported by Lu et al in their study on grain growth in nanocrystalline Cu.…”

Production of Pigments on the Basis of Titanium Tetrachloride

“…As is known [5,6,7], titania has found wide application in various industries, viz. chemical [8,9,10,11,12,13,14], metallurgical [15], biochemical [16], medical [17,18,19], environmental [20], recycling [21]. The production of titania is a promising direction of the current chemical branch of industry.…”